金属纳米晶的晶面选择性刻蚀研究

项目名称： 金属纳米晶的晶面选择性刻蚀研究

项目编号： No.21471123

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 无机化学

项目作者： 金明尚

作者单位： 西安交通大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 金属纳米材料由于其优越的催化活性在现代工业催化中起着至关重要的作用。大量研究表明金属纳米材料的裸露晶面直接决定了材料的某些物理化学性质乃至催化活性和选择性。如何建立简单普适的合成策略，有效调控金属纳米材料的表面结构是目前金属纳米材料研究中面临的焦点问题。本课题提出在纳米尺度下，利用表面活性剂的选择性吸附和氧化刻蚀剂对表面金属原子的刻蚀作用，选择性切割出特定的裸露晶面，达到控制表面结构的目的，并探索其独特的物化性质和催化应用前景。拟采用液相合成法，在含有金属纳米晶体和表面活性剂的溶液中，加入合适的氧化刻蚀剂，通过控制反应条件，获得经过表面切割的单分散、表面结构单一的高质量金属纳米材料，并对其电催化性质进行深入研究，最终获得高效的金属纳米催化剂。本课题研究成果将有助于提供构建高性能金属纳米催化剂的新原理和新方法，进一步拓展它们的实际应用。

中文关键词： 金属；纳米材料；表面结构；刻蚀；形貌调控

英文摘要： Metal nanocrystals are of great importance to modern science and technology, with their wide applications ranging from industry to biology. Current researches have already shown the strong relationship between the shape of a nanocrystal and its properties, thus mastery over the shape enables enhancement of its usefulness for a given applications.In the case of catalysis, it is well-established that the activity and selectivity of a metal nanocrystal can be tuned by manipulating its shape thus its exposed facets. Therefore, shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanocrystals has attracted numerous attentions during the past decades, and many significant progresses have been made.How to establish a facile and robust synthetic strategy to control the surface structure so as to improve their catalytic properties is still an urgent topic and a focus of current nanomaterials research. In this project, we propose a synthetic approach based on selective etching with the assistance of capping agent and etchant, to selectively cut the original metal nanocrystals into new morphologie, and explore their unique physical and chemical properies and potential applications. We plan to perform solution phase synthesis, which based on the addition of original metal nanocrystals, capping agent, and etchant.Through tuning the reaction parameters, the high quality of metal nanocrystals with uniqe surface strcutures and sizes will be prepared. Followed by the study of their catalytic properties toward different reactions. This research results can provide the new principles and methods to synthesize the high performance metal nanocatalysts.

英文关键词： Metal;Nanomaterials;Surface structure;Etching;Shape-control