原位构筑一体化双功能过渡金属氧化物空气正极及其在锂-空气二次电池中的应用研究

项目名称： 原位构筑一体化双功能过渡金属氧化物空气正极及其在锂-空气二次电池中的应用研究

项目编号： No.21471146

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 王中利

作者单位： 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所

项目金额： 90万元

中文摘要： 锂-空气电池因其超高的能量密度被视为跨越式提高二次电池比能量的未来突破点，研究和开发锂-空气二次电池对解决可再生能源存储和提高电动汽车续航里程具有重要的意义。目前，碳材料空气正极稳定性和催化性能不足已严重阻碍锂-空气电池的发展，设计和制备高性能非碳空气正极是改善电池循环性能和能量转换效率，突破其发展瓶颈的关键和难点。本项目基于锂-空气电池工作特点，设计和合成同时具有多孔结构和氧还原氧析出双功能催化能力的新型一体化氧化物复合空气电极。氧化物在多孔金属集流体中原位构筑，电极中无碳材料避免了碳电极导致的一系列问题，提高了电极的稳定性；双功能催化剂能有效降低充放电过程中的过电位，可解决电池的反应动力学问题；多级孔道结构设计将极大地促进物质(离子与氧气)的传输能力。本项目首次提出的空气电极结构-功能一体化整体设计思想和构筑高性能空气电极的新途径，将为促进锂-空气电池的研究和开发提供新的科学依据。

中文关键词： 无机能源材料；过渡金属氧化物；双功能催化；一体化电极；锂-空气电池

英文摘要： Lithium-air batteries have been considered as the future breakthrough for secondary-batteries due to their extremely high theoretical energy densities. The development of lithium-air batteries is significant to solve the storage of sustainable energy and improve the mileage of electric vehicles. However, the drawbacks of present carbon-based air cathodes limit the development of lithium-air batteries. So it is urgent and crucial to design and prepare novel non-carbon air cathodes to improve the cycle stability and conversion efficiency of the batteries. According to the working principles of lithium-air batteries, this project will design and synthesis of novel free-standing hierarchical porous and bifunctional transition metal oxides-composite cathodes. The novel electrodes have three significant features: non-carbon component avoides the series problems of decompositon; the bifunctional catalysis of oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions effectively decreases the overpotential and solve the problem of kinetics of the electrochemical reactions in the batteries; and optimized free-standing porous structure greatly facilitates deposition of solid products, electrical conduction, and diffusion of molecular and ions. Furthermore, such novel carbon-composite air cathodes would be produced by once shaping and act as the cathode directly, which makes the preparation of cathodes simple and saves the conventional complex procedures. This project firstly puts forward integrating design thought of structure-function of air cathodes and will provide new scientific basis to accelerate the research and development of lithium-air batteries.

英文关键词： Inorganic energy materials;Transitional metal oxides;Bifunctional catalysis;Freestanding electrodes;Lithium-air batteries