棉花补贴政策的经济效应与优化机制研究

项目名称： 棉花补贴政策的经济效应与优化机制研究

项目编号： No.70873043

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 金属学与金属工艺

项目作者： 谭砚文

作者单位： 华南农业大学

项目金额： 24万元

中文摘要： 本研究在深入分析棉花补贴经济效应的基础上，实证分析了我国棉花良种补贴政策的实施绩效，研究表明，棉花良种补贴政策具有生产资料补贴和面积补贴的双重经济效果，一方面通过推广优良品种，降低生产成本、提高棉花产量和质量；另一方面通过稳定或扩大优良品种的播种面积进一步实现增产的目的。但是从实际情况来看，2008年以后，中国棉花的单产、面积和产量都出现了不同程度的连续下滑，我国棉种"多、乱、杂"的局面也没有得到改善；计量分析结果表明，良种补贴政策对于单产水平的提高、对于棉农的生产决策行为、对于提升棉花生产效率均不具有显著的影响作用；本研究通过对新疆、山东、河北、湖北等地区的实地调研发现，除了新疆建设兵团外，多数棉区普遍存在着一些共性问题，比如补贴资金兑付存在疏漏；政策实施缺乏稳定性、受补贴的品种不对路；个别供种企业以次充好；部分棉农存在骗补行为等等，分析认为，补贴额度小，是无法激励棉农购买良种、提高生产积极性的根本原因。为了促进我国棉花生产的稳定发展，除了加大补贴力度、增加补贴额度外，应创新补贴方式，优化补贴机制，积极探索直补政策、农机具购置补贴、灌溉补贴、农业保险补贴等政策，并加大植棉金融支持力度

中文关键词： 棉花补贴；经济效应；优化机制

英文摘要： This project makes a positive study ，on the basis of analyzing the economic effects of subsidy policy，on implementing performance of China's cotton seed subsidy policy. It indicates that seed subsidy has the dual economic effects with both inputs and acreage subsidy. On the one hand, it would help promoting improved seed varieties, lowering costs and improving the quality and quantity of cotton production；on the other hand, it would increase cotton output by stabilizing and adding crop area. However,China's cotton yield, area and production have declined consecutivly in different degrees since 2008, and the situations of redundancy, chaotic and hybrid in cotton varieties have not improved significantly either since 2008. Moreover, the result of econometric model analysis shows that the cotton seed subsidy policy has not affected on increasing yield, making decision on producing for farmers and improving the efficiency of cotton production. Finally, through the surveys in Xinjiang, Shandong, Hebei and Hubei provinces, this study finds that, besides Xinjiang Construction Corps, many cotton regions have some general problems such as the policy has been implemented unstably and the subsidied seeds have been unfitted in some areas, improved seeds have been replaced by inferior quality in some companies, and some farmers have obtained subsidy by cheating ways. The fundamental reasons of the above phenomenon are that the amount of subsidy is not enough to motivate the farmers to purchase superior seeds. Therefore, in order to promote the stable development of China's cotton production,the governments should increae the amount of subsidy payment,innovate the subsidy patterns and optimize the subsidy mechanism, which include the subsidy policy on direct income ,on purchasing farm implement, on the irrigation and on the agricultural insurance,and, the financial support of cotton production should be paid much attention.

英文关键词： Cotton Subsidy;Economic Effect;Optimal Mechanism