复杂海面多波段全极化雷达后向散射机理模型研究

项目名称： 复杂海面多波段全极化雷达后向散射机理模型研究

项目编号： No.41501386

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 刘桂红

作者单位： 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 随着多频率、多极化、高分辨率合成孔径雷达（SAR）系统的开发与应用，降雨和其它一些复杂海面场景被雷达成像，对复杂海洋环境下的遥感探测机理研究提出了更高要求。针对现有海面雷达散射模型多关于单一均质海面，业务化应用精度不高且复杂海面因素对雷达后向散射信号影响难以量化估计等问题，本课题提出开展对复杂海面多波段全极化雷达后向散射机理进行正向模拟研究，探索复杂海面场景下的雷达探测海面电磁波传输过程，综合考虑复杂海面场景下多种穿透和非穿透对象或体散射和面散射目标对后向散射信号影响机制，建立复杂海面雷达后向散射综合分析模型，进行降雨和油污海面各种SAR成像特征分析和解译。该研究成果为充分利用多波段多极化雷达观测数据提供理论模型支持，可扩展微波海洋遥感监测技术的应用领域，对促进我国海洋遥感科学的发展具有重要的意义。

中文关键词： 主动微波遥感；散射和辐射传输理论；海面雷达后向散射；复杂海面场景；合成孔径雷达

英文摘要： As the rapid advancement of multi-Frequency multi-polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) programs, rainfall and other complicated ocean events is observed by SAR. High-resolution SAR is a potential powerful tool for ocean observation. However, it brings some difficulties in understanding many interesting rain-related and other complicated phenomena revealed by SAR images because of low precision of current models and poor theoretical modeling of rain-wind-wave and other interactions. In addition, it is difficult to quantify estimation various scattering mechanisms contribution to the radar backscattering signals over the complicated sea surface. According to these problems, this project presents a research on theoretical modeling of multi-band qual-polarization radar backscattering for a comprehensive ocean scene.The main purposes of this study are to explore the whole process of radar electromagnetic wave scattering and radiative transfer over the complicated sea surface, which takes account scattering, attenuation, shadowing, and multiple scattering of spatially distributed volumetric and surface scatterers over the comprehensive ocean scene and establish the general physics-based scattering model for rainfall and oil film over the sea surface.These works can provide scientific reference for better understanding and interpreting various phenomena observed by SAR and it is meaningful to extend applications of the marine environment monitoring using radar observations.

英文关键词： active microwave remote sensing;scattering and radiative transfer theory;sea surface radar backscattering;comprehensive ocean scene;synthetic aperture radar