多金属氧酸盐离子液体催化膨胀阻燃体系高效阻燃机理研究

项目名称： 多金属氧酸盐离子液体催化膨胀阻燃体系高效阻燃机理研究

项目编号： No.51473178

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 李娟

作者单位： 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 引入催化剂或协同剂是提高膨胀阻燃剂效率的一条简便有效的途径。申请者提出将多金属氧酸盐离子液体（PIL）作为催化剂引入到传统的膨胀阻燃材料中，利用PIL拓扑结构的多样性、尺寸的可调变性和多元素的参与性调控其催化活性，调节其与阻燃剂和基体的匹配性和相容性，提高成炭和阻燃效率，进而调和阻燃材料的综合性能。通过阻燃剂体系在热失重过程中各组分质重损失的计算结果与实际测试结果的对比，探索PIL对膨胀阻燃剂体系成炭速度和成炭量的影响；分别研究PIL的组成、结构、添加量以及其阴离子和阳离子在聚合物交联成炭和膨胀阻燃过程中的作用，揭示无机构筑单元和有机基团及PIL的结构和形态对阻燃效率的贡献；全面分析各种途径得到的数据，阐明催化成炭和协同阻燃机理，这对于揭示高效阻燃体系的内在规律具有重要意义。本课题的研究结果将为高效阻燃材料的设计和制备提供一种新的思路，同时也拓宽了PIL类催化剂在阻燃领域的应用。

中文关键词： 多金属氧酸盐；离子液体；催化性能；阻燃机理；协同效应

英文摘要： Introducing catalyst or synergist into intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system is one simple, convenient and effective way to improve its flame retardant efficiency. In this work, polyoxometalates-based ionic liquid (PIL) is used as a catalyst in a traditional IFR system. The compatibility and matchable quality between flame retardants and matrix can be modified; the charring and flame retardant efficiency of material can be improved; and the combination properties of composites can be mediated because of the variety of topological structure, tunability of size, participatory of multielement for PIL. The effects of PIL on the charring speed and residue are studied by comparing the calculated (cal.) and experimental (exp.) curves based on their percentages in their system obtained from thermogravimetric analysis. The relationships between the components, structure, content, anion, cation of PIL and the flame retardant properties are investigated, respectively. The whole process of cross-linking, charing, expanding, and anti-flaming will be explored. The roles of in-organic construct block, organic structure and morphology of PIL played in the flame retardant efficiency will be discovered. Based on the above results, the process of charring catalyzed by PIL and synergistic mechanism in flame retardant materials will be clarified, which is important for revealing the objective laws governing the flame retardant efficiency. This work will provide a novel thought for designing and preparing of polymer composites with high efficiency in synergistic intumescent flame retardant system, and it will also broaden the application of PIL catalyst in flame retardant field.

英文关键词： polyoxometalate;ionic liquid;catalysis;flame retardant mechanism;synergism