散粒体边坡的倒塌破坏及其内部变形的物理模拟研究

项目名称： 散粒体边坡的倒塌破坏及其内部变形的物理模拟研究

项目编号： No.41502190

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 刘志娜

作者单位： 中国石油大学（北京）

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 散粒体滑坡运动速度较快，产生的位移较大，内部变形极其复杂，是滑坡最为复杂的运动模式，每年给当地环境、人民生命和财产安全造成不可估量的损失，已经成为近年来的研究热点。大多数研究的重点是滑动距离和边坡倒塌破坏诱发机理，然而在滑体的运动学机理及其内部变形方面的研究有待于进一步深入。申请者在前期研究中发现散粒体边坡的倒塌破坏诱发了边坡背部不同期次的伸展断层的形成，以及坡脚部分压缩构造（倒转褶皱，鞘褶皱和逆断层）的产生。本课题拟采用构造地质砂箱模拟试验的方法来深入研究散粒体滑坡滑体的运动学机理和内部变形，揭示散粒体边坡滑体内部不同期次的伸展断层和复杂褶皱变形的时空演变规律，探明散粒体材料颗粒的几何属性及其剪切强度、边坡高度(尺寸效应)、边坡坡角等对散粒体边坡运动与内部变形的影响。本研究课题为治理散粒体滑坡问题提供重要的理论依据，防止或降低滑坡发生时造成的各种损失。

中文关键词： 物理模拟；散粒体边坡；内部变形；伸展断层；褶皱

英文摘要： Flow-like mass movement is the most destructive landslide and causes loss of lives and substantial property damage throughout the world every year. Those slope movements, which have long travel distance, high velocity and large volume of failure mass, are the most difficult to prevent. As such, it is of great significance to understand the kinematics and dynamics of the flow-like mass movement of granular materials. Many researchers have been studying the problem of the granular mass movement, where most of the focus has been on the run-out distance analysis and/or the triggering and motion mechanisms of flows. However, few investigations have been carried out on the kinematics and internal deformation of the granular slopes. Previous studies of the applicant show that the collapse of granular slopes results in different-generation extensional faults in the back of the slope, and contractional structures (overturned folds, sheath folds and thrusts) in the toe of the slope. This project uses results from analogue models to investigate the kinematics and internal deformation structures during the collapse of granular slopes. The models simulate the collapse of granular slopes and focus on the spatial and temporal distribution of their internal structures. This project also studies the effect of the slope height, slope angle, internal friction angle of the granular material, particle size and particle size distribution of the granular material on internal deformation within a granular slope.

英文关键词： analogue modeling;granular slope;internal deformation;extensional faults;folds