近场高分辨三维SAR成像理论与方法研究

项目名称： 近场高分辨三维SAR成像理论与方法研究

项目编号： No.61271287

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 无线电电子学、电信技术

项目作者： 皮亦鸣

作者单位： 电子科技大学

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 近场高分辨三维SAR成像是当前雷达成像领域的研究热点，针对近场三维SAR成像研究中系统结构和成像算法上存在的不足，本课题研究从近场三维SAR成像机理出发，结合SAR成像原理以及电磁波近场测量理论，建立近场高分辨三维SAR成像回波模型。运用电磁波谱理论分析方法，将近场条件下SAR回波模型中由球面波函数构成的指数项变换为平面波叠加的形式，继而建立近场三维SAR数学模型。提出了采用圆周合成孔径单天线的系统结构模型对目标进行全方位扫描，同时采用基于球面波的格林函数傅里叶分析方法来实现对近场目标的高分辨三维成像。基于数据分割和图像拼接理论提出了子孔径数据分割方法和重叠子孔径图像拼接技术，并通过计算机仿真，验证三维成像算法的有效性。开展本课题研究工作，有望在近场三维SAR成像理论、系统结构和成像算法方面获得创新性成果，并推动近场三维SAR成像技术在安检、反恐等领域的工程应用。

中文关键词： 近场；三维成像；圆周合成孔径雷达；球面波分解；

英文摘要： Near field high resolution three-dimensional (3D) SAR imaging becomes a research hotspot in recent years. This project aims to overcome the deficiencies that exist in the system structure and imaging algorithms of near field 3D SAR imaging. The imaging mechanism of near field 3D SAR is analyzed first. Combining the SAR imaging principle and electromagnetic measure theory together, the echo model of near field high resolution 3D imaging is built. Then using the electromagnetic spectral analysis method, the exponential term in the echo model which represents a spherical wave is decomposed into a superposition of plane wave components. Based on the decomposition, the mathematical model of near field 3D SAR is developed. To scan the target omnidirectionally, a system structure model that uses the circular synthetic aperture of single-antenna is adopted. At last, the high resolution 3D SAR image of near field target is obtained by using the spherical wave based Green function Fourier analysis method. The sub-aperture data segmentation technique and overlapped sub-aperture splicing technique are also proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed 3D imaging method will be verified by computer simulation. The research of this project will make contribution to the development of SAR imaging in various aspects, including th

英文关键词： near field；three-dimensional imaging；circular synthetic aperture radar；spherical wave decomposition；