室温超高灵敏度响应的导电高分子/ZnO复合纳米纤维气敏材料和气体传感器

项目名称： 室温超高灵敏度响应的导电高分子/ZnO复合纳米纤维气敏材料和气体传感器

项目编号： No.51273174

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 李扬

作者单位： 浙江大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 采用同轴静电纺丝及热处理等方法，制备多孔核鞘结构的p型聚苯胺、聚吡咯等与n型ZnO复合纳米纤维气敏材料，实现复合纳米纤维的组成结构、形貌及核鞘界面形成的p/n结特性的可控性。在叉指金电极上沉积复合纳米纤维，原位构建电阻型气体传感器。利用多孔纳米纤维大的比表面积和低的晶界势垒，特别是吸附气体作用导致界面p/n结特性变化等，极大提高复合纳米纤维气体传感器的响应灵敏度，加快响应，实现室温检测；通过纳米纤维与叉指金电极基底作用形成交联结构，提高稳定性。研究复合纳米纤维气敏材料在室温下对氨气等的响应特性，揭示其组成结构、形貌、p/n结特性等与敏感特性的关系。优化复合纳米纤维气敏材料、电极结构等，制备对氨气等具有超高灵敏度、响应快、稳定性好及室温响应等优点的高性能电阻型气体传感器。阐明气敏响应机理，建立理论模型，为研制高性能气敏材料和气体传感器提供理论依据和借鉴。

中文关键词： 导电聚合物；ZnO；纳米复合物；气敏材料；气体传感器

英文摘要： Core-sheath structured porous composite nanofibers of p-type polyaniline (polypyrrole) and n-type ZnO are prepared by using coaxial electrospinning and heat treatment, and control on the composition, structure, morphology of the composite nanofibers and properties of p/n junction formed at the core-sheath interface are realized. Gas sensors are in-situ constructed by depositing composite nanofibers on interdigitated gold electrodes. The composite nanofiber gas sensors exhibit greatly enhanced sensitivity, accelerated response and room temperature sensing, which is attributed to large surface area to volume ratio and decreased interface barriers of the composite nanofibers, and great variations in the properties of the p/n junction upon interactions with target gas. Moreover, the stability of the gas sensors is improved by formation of crosslinked structures via interactions between nanofibers and underlying gold electrode substrate. Sensing properties of the composite nanofibers towards ammonia and other gases at room temperature are investigated, and correlated with the composition, structure, morphology and properties of p/n junction of composite nanofibers. High performance resistive-type gas sensors with prominent advantages including ultrahigh sensitivity, fast response, good stability and room temperature

英文关键词： conducting polymer；ZnO；nanocomposite；gas sensing materials；gas sensors