微/纳米结构羟基磷灰石调控水稻根系吸收Pb的微观机理

项目名称： 微/纳米结构羟基磷灰石调控水稻根系吸收Pb的微观机理

项目编号： No.41301347

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 叶新新

作者单位： 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 土壤中铅（Pb）向水稻中传输并且在籽粒中富集严重影响了稻米的品质和食品的安全，已引起了社会的广泛关注。本项目拟采用将微/纳米结构材料羟基磷灰石（HAP）应用于水稻根部，在根部形成重金属Pb的阻挡层来减少水稻地上部Pb的吸收。通过对水稻根部的切片和HAP染色的方法，利用扫描电镜和激光共聚焦显微镜研究HAP在水稻根表的吸附和根内的吸收、转移和分布；利用透射电镜确定小尺寸HAP在根细胞和亚细胞中的分布和定位；阐明HAP在水稻根表吸附和根内吸收与HAP形貌和尺寸的关系。在人工模拟Pb污染的环境条件下，研究存在于根部的HAP对Pb的固定效果，并通过扫描/透射电镜和ICP-MS相结合的方法揭示微/纳米结构羟基磷灰石在水稻根表和根内调控水稻Pb吸收的微观机理，以期建立一种利用纳米技术减少Pb在水稻体内吸收和转移的新方法。本研究对于保证区域农产品安全、提高稻米质量、保障人体健康具有重要意义。

中文关键词： 羟基磷灰石；尺寸效应；水稻；纳米颗粒吸收；铅

英文摘要： Lead (Pb) in soil which could transfer to rice and accumulate in grain affected the quality of rice and food safety seriously, and attracted the social widespread attentions. This project intends to adopt micro/nanostructure material hydroxyapatite (HAP) which is applied to rice root to form barrier layer for heavy metal Pb, in order to reduce Pb absorption in aboveground parts of rice. Scanning electron microscope and laser confocal microscopy is used to study the adsorption of HAP in root surface and the absorption, transfer and distribution of HAP in rice root by means of the rice root section and HAP dye. Transmission electron microscopy is used to determine the distribution and orientation of the small size of HAP in root cells and subcellular fraction. The research clarifies the relationships of size and morphology with the adsorption of HAP in root surface or the absorption of HAP in root. Under simulative Pb pollution conditions, the immobilization effect of Pb by HAP in root is studied, and the combination of the scanning/transmission electron microscopy with ICP-MS reveals that the microcosmic mechanism of micro/nanostructure hydroxyapatite regulate the absorption of Pb in rice root. The expectation is to establish a new kind of method to reduce Pb uptake and transfer in rice by nanotechnology. The stu

英文关键词： hydroxyapatite；size effect；rice；nanoparticle uptake；lead