基于农户生计的重要生态功能区生态补偿与生态系统服务调控机理研究

项目名称： 基于农户生计的重要生态功能区生态补偿与生态系统服务调控机理研究

项目编号： No.41471092

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 地理学

项目作者： 张惠远

作者单位： 中国环境科学研究院

项目金额： 86万元

中文摘要： 我国生态补偿政策的制定与实施主要由不同层级的政府部门主导，往往强调生态保护的目标，而对生态补偿在提高生态系统服务的成本效益、以及参与生态补偿农户的生计变化关注很少，而这些最终影响着生态补偿项目的效率与可持续性。学术界对于生态补偿政策的评估仍然落后于政策的实践，学术研究缺乏统一的理论框架和分析工具，整合生态系统服务和农户生计的生态补偿效益细致评估较少。本研究选择黄土沟壑丘陵水土保持国家重点生态功能区为研究区，采用农户调查、成本收益分析、空间分析、数学建模等手段，评估研究区生态系统服务功能及生态补偿效益的时空格局特征，量化农户生计资本对生态补偿的响应机制，分析不同生计状态下的农户参与生态补偿的意愿和受偿意愿，阐明生态补偿、生态系统服务、农户生计之间的耦合机制，构建综合生态系统服务与农户生计目标权衡的生态补偿调控机理模型，研究成果可为进一步完善国家重点生态功能区生态补偿政策提供学术依据。

中文关键词： 生态系统服务；农户生计；生态补偿；调控机理；重要生态功能区

英文摘要： Formulation and implementation of ecological compensation policies are mainly dominated by governments at different levels, while these policies often emphasize the goal of ecological protection, but given less concern on ecological compensation affecting the improvement of cost-effectiveness of ecosystem services, and the changes of farmers' livelihoods, which ultimately affect the efficiency and sustainability of ecological compensation projects. Assessment of ecological compensation policy still lags behind practices, and academic researches lack of an unified theoretical framework and analysis tools. There were few researches to integrate the assessment of cost-benefits of ecological compensation based on the ecosystem services and livelihoods of farmers. In this study, we select the Soil and Water Conservation in Loess Hilly Gully of National Key Ecological Function Area as the study area , by using household survey , cost-benefit analysis, spatial analysis, mathematical modeling and other tools to reveal the spatial and temporal patterns of ecosystem services in the study area, evaluate the cost-benefit of ecological compensation, quantify the effects of ecological compensation on farmers' livelihood, analyze the farmers' willingness to accept ecological compensation projects, explain the coupling mechanism among ecological compensation, ecosystem services, and livelihoods of farm households. Finally, we attempt to build an Integrated Ecological Compensation Optimization Model to achieve both goals of ecosystem services and livelihoods of farm households. Some results and suggestions obtained from this research may provide academic basis for further improvement of ecological compensation policies in the National Key Ecological Function Areas.

英文关键词： ecosystem services;livelihood of farm households;ecological compensation;Integrated Ecological Compensation Optimization Model;Key Ecological Function Areas