全光量子信息处理器的实验研究

项目名称： 全光量子信息处理器的实验研究

项目编号： No.11474049

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 薛鹏

作者单位： 东南大学

项目金额： 95万元

中文摘要： 本项目旨在全光量子信息处理器的实验研究，拟将其应用于量子通信和量子计算两个方面。一方面，针对全光量子通信，本项目将着重于利用量子信息技术提高信道容量的理论和实验研究。具体来说，实验上将信息加载在多光子纠缠态上可极大地压缩信道的信噪比，从而提高信道容量。进而利用光子的轨道角动量拓展信道的带宽，进一步提高信道容量。另一方面，针对全光量子计算，我们将从软件和硬件两个方面进行研究。软件方面结合线性光学体系和集成光纤/波导体系实验实现量子随机行走算法和玻色子采样算法。硬件方面则着重实现普适的多比特量子逻辑门操作。作为一个阶段性中间目标，我们也将利用线性光学系统实现量子模拟平台，通过多光子及高维度纠缠态的制备和调控，模拟在当前实验条件下难以操控和测量的物理系统以及复杂的物理现象，获得对一些未知现象的信息，进一步实现对被模拟体系的研究。上述实验研究取得成功，必将推动量子信息技术的实用化、集成化和产业化。

中文关键词： 量子光学；量子信息；量子计算；量子通信；量子模拟

英文摘要： Quantum information science has been developed in the past two decades from a visional idea to one of the most important branches of physics. There are still some key points which are not reachable with the current technology. In this project, we focus on experimental realization of all optical quantum information processing. Experimental research in all optical quantum information processing studies the potential use of quantum mechanical systems--photons--for information-processing tasks such as quantum communication and quantum computing. Quantum communication can offer capacity gains due to pure quantum resources, such as entanglement. We will prepare experimentally multi-photon entanglement which can be used to transmit information. By using multiple entangled photons the noise limit of the information channel can be decreased from the shot noise limit to Heisenberg limit and hence the capacity of the information channel can be increased with the fixed bandwidth. On the other hand, we will experimentally realize entanglement of the orbital angular momentum state of photons which can increase the bandwidth of information channel and hence increase the capacity with the fixed signal-to-noise ratio. For the hardware of quantum computing, we will realize multi-qubit quantum logical gates with linear optical elements. For the software of quantum computing, we will use linear optical elements and fused fiber coupler (or Femtosecond laser direct-writing waveguide array) to demonstrate the Boson sampling computation based on non-interacting and identical photons on randomly designed optical network and realize quantum walk algorithms for searching an unstructured database. In the quantum walk architecture, we can also simulate complex phenomena such as Anderson localization, quantum chaos, and quantum ratchet. On the other hand we will build quantum simulation network and experiment characterisation of a complex system such as quantum phase transition, by means of a photonic quantum simulation set-up. Our research will lead to the integration, practicalization, and industrialization of quantum computing and quantum information processing in the near future.

英文关键词： quantum optics;quantum information;quantum computing;quantum communication;quantum simulation