长短基线联合处理的星载SAR运动目标检测与成像方法研究

项目名称： 长短基线联合处理的星载SAR运动目标检测与成像方法研究

项目编号： No.61201308

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 电子学与信息系统

项目作者： 张云

作者单位： 哈尔滨工业大学

项目金额： 24万元

中文摘要： 单基星载SAR慢动、弱小目标检测性能低，多通道SAR虽增强了检测性能，但复杂性高、运算量大，通道同步性、配准及基线耦合等影响其发展。本研究采用长短基线联合干涉相位估计和稀疏信号重构方法，研究多通道星载SAR运动目标检测与成像问题。通过沿航迹长短基线联合处理，优化长短基线配置，利用多基线干涉相位法解决测速范围和最小可测速度的矛盾；利用多维参数估计法解决切向速度估计不准问题；利用非均匀稀疏阵列和运动目标投影空间稀疏性，构建观测矩阵和基函数，采用稀疏重构方法获得目标像。针对低信杂噪比、多目标检测提出优化算法，研究长短基线下通道配准、去耦合及相位解缠等问题，通过实验验证其有效性、稳健性。该研究是对非均匀多通道SAR动目标检测与成像理论的探索，极大丰富SAR-GMTI研究，拓展压缩感知理论在成像雷达上的应用范畴。研究成果在洋流监测、灾情勘查、海陆交通监视、军事侦察等方面具有广阔的应用价值和发展前景。

中文关键词： 星载合成孔径雷达；多通道；长短基线；稀疏重构；运动目标检测

英文摘要： Multichannel SAR system play an important role in improving the detection performance of slow moving target with weak scattering, which was invalid in monostatic spaceborne SAR system. But the performance is decreased by the channel synchronization, Co-registration, and multi-baseline decoupling in Multichannel SAR system, with increasing the complexity and computation. A novel appoach was presented to detect and focus moving target,by interferometric phase with Long-short baselines and sparse reconstruction. Furthermore, the estimation accuracy of radial velocity was enhanced by interferometric phase processing of multi-baseline with optimal baseline configuration .And the estimation accuracy of tangential velocity was improved by multi-dimensional parameter estimation algorithm. Combined with the sparse characteristic of moving targets, and the spatial diversity of along-track distributed receive array, the measurement matrix basing and basis function were introduced. And the image of moving targets was obtained by the sparse reconstruction algorithm with Long-short baselines distributed array. The optimization imaging algorithm of multi-targets under low signal clutter ratio was presented, with approaches of Co-registraion, multibaseline decouplin and unwrapping were prewented to improve the performance of m

英文关键词： spaceborne SAR；multichannel；long-short baseline；sparse reconstruction；moving target detection