污染底泥化学与生化修复中重金属分布与形态的转化

项目名称： 污染底泥化学与生化修复中重金属分布与形态的转化

项目编号： No.51208145

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 建筑环境与结构工程学科

项目作者： 刘彤宙

作者单位： 哈尔滨工业大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 底泥作为污染物蓄积库，是水体二次污染的重要来源。污染底泥修复是从根本上改善水环境的重要途径。目前，化学淋洗和生化修复技术对治理底泥有机污染已有较好的工程应用。重金属是底泥中普遍存在的非生物降解污染物，迁移性和毒性很大程度上决定于赋存的形态。由于对底泥修复过程中重金属分布与形态转化机制缺乏系统研究，应用化学淋洗技术处理重金属污染时存在处理过程复杂、成本高，难以推广的问题；应用生化修复技术时，对有机物降解同时导致的重金属形态和释放特性变化尚没有清晰的认识。从而使污染底泥修复技术应用受到局限。本项目计划通过实验手段，系统研究污染底泥化学淋洗处理和投加硝酸钙的生化修复过程中淋洗剂/底泥微生物作用对底泥重金属分布和形态的影响；揭示应用这两类修复技术时，底泥重金属分布与形态转化的机制；考察经过修复的底泥重金属迁移性的变化。为相应的污底泥修复技术改进和修复效果评估提供可靠的理论及数据参考。

中文关键词： 污染底泥；重金属；化学淋洗；生化修复；迁移性

英文摘要： Sediment is the major sink of aqueous pollutants, and also the importance internal pollution source of water body. Contaminated sediment remediation is an importance way for substantially improving water environment quality. Currently, sediment washing and sediment bioremediation technologies have shown good performance in engineering cases for remediating organics contaminated sediment. Heavy metals are also common non-biodegradable contaminants in sediment. Their mobility and biotoxicity are highly dependent on their speciation. Since the lackness of systematic study on the transformation of heavy metal distribution and speciation during sediment remediation, the sediment washing technology for control heavy metal pollution encounters such problems as complex process, high cost, and difficulty in wide application; and, when using bioremediation technology, the changes of heavy metal speciation and mobililty induced with organic degradation remains unclear. Thus, the application of sediment remediation technologies is much limited. Through lab scale experiments, this study attempts to investigate the influences of washing reagents or sediment microbials on heavy metal distribution and speciation in sediment washing or bioremediation process; elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the transformation

英文关键词： Contaminated sediment；Heavy metal；Chemical washing；Bio-chemical remediation；Mobility