西藏玉米早熟抗寒种质资源评价、应用及遗传分析

项目名称： 西藏玉米早熟抗寒种质资源评价、应用及遗传分析

项目编号： No.31460352

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 食品科学、农学基础与作物学

项目作者： 胡单

作者单位： 西藏农牧学院

项目金额： 46万元

中文摘要： 畜牧业是西藏的主要产业，饲草料缺乏已成为畜牧业发展的瓶颈。玉米属喜温高产饲料作物，扩大种植可弥补饲料不足，促进畜牧业发展。目前，地膜栽培已使西藏玉米种植扩大到西藏主要农区，但低温，无霜期短等环境，限制了引进杂交种的生产潜力发挥，而地方品种长期适应西藏低温环境，具有极强的抗寒、抗旱、抗病、耐贫瘠等，但产量低。因此，以西藏抗寒性玉米地方品种为基础，培育适合西藏种植的耐低温早熟高产杂交种很迫切。但迄今为止，西藏玉米研究主要集中在引进玉米的筛选、栽培等方面，对西藏玉米地方品种的搜集、评价极少，也未开展抗性育种研究。本项目计划在对西藏玉米地方种质全面搜集的基础上，进行玉米早熟抗寒性鉴定，筛选出遗传基础差异大的早熟抗寒性强的种质资源，并与内地早熟玉米自交系配制杂交组合，筛选强优势组合，探讨抗寒种质的遗传规律，为提高西藏寒地玉米育种效率及种质利用提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 抗寒性；评价；杂种优势；遗传参数；玉米

英文摘要： Animal husbandry is Tibet's main industry. Lack of forage has restricted the development of animal husbandry. Maize is a thermophilic high-yielding forage crops, The shortage of forage can be solved by expanding planting maize. At present, plastic film mulching cultivation technique has obtained better application in major agricultural areas in Tibet.However, the special environment of low temperature and short frost-free period limited the production potential of foreign maiz hybrids. Although local varieties better adapted to the environmengt in Titet, but with low yield. Therefore, it has been urgent to early ripening and cultivate cold resistance high-yielding hybrids based on local maize varieties in Tibet. So far, the researches pay more attention on the introduced varieties. It has been rare to evaluate local varieties.The project plan to evaluate early ripening and cold tolerance of the local maize based on comprehensive collection germplasm. Early ripening and cold resistance of the local specific varieties with introduced inbred lines of maiz were used as main materials, to obtained hybrid combinations. The studies provide screening of strong heterosis，a theoretical basis to explore the inheritance regularity of cold resistance species. It make contributions to improve the efficiency of maize breeding and Germplasm utilization.

英文关键词： cold resistance;evalution;heterosis;Genetie Correlation;maize