基于鲨鱼皮减阻功能的新型高分子材料的仿生设计与制备

项目名称： 基于鲨鱼皮减阻功能的新型高分子材料的仿生设计与制备

项目编号： No.50873039

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 金属学与金属工艺

项目作者： 李光吉

作者单位： 华南理工大学

项目金额： 32万元

中文摘要： 以鲨鱼皮结构为减阻模板，在全面分析鲨鱼皮表面微观结构、基体结构和力学行为的基础上，建立了结合鲨鱼皮的弹性基体和表面微纳结构的仿生减阻材料的基本结构模型；研究了在高分子表面构建鲨鱼皮盾甲鳞结构的微复制方法，以及在微米级图案表面构建纳米结构的方法及其原理，开拓了表面微纳结构仿生的新途径。分别以乙丙橡胶/天然胶共混物（EPDM/NR）、氯化丁基胶（CIIR）和聚氨酯（PU）为基质，制备了力学行为与鲨鱼皮基体相似的各种性能均一的高分子膜材和梯度高分子膜材。为解决高分子膜材减阻性能的实验室测试难题，设计和制备了基于T-C流的减阻测试仪。进一步考察了高分子膜材的表面微观结构、化学组成、表面性能、基体结构与力学性能和减阻性能，分析了表面微结构和柔韧的弹性基体对减阻的贡献，研究了材料的双重减阻效应，揭示了仿生高分子膜材的表面结构、基体结构和性能与减阻性能之间的构效关系。研究表明，仿鲨鱼皮的高分子膜材柔韧的弹性基体和表面微纳结构具有较好的协同减阻效应；所建立的仿生减阻材料的基本结构模型是新型仿生减阻材料设计的重要依据。 研究实现了本项目的目标；已申请发明专利3项，发表论文2篇，还有4篇论文正在撰写中。

中文关键词： 仿生设计；减阻；鲨鱼皮；仿生高分子材料；梯度结构

英文摘要： Based on the comprehensive analyses of the surface microstructure, the substrate structure and the mechanical behavior of sharkskin adopted as a drag-reducing templet, the basic structural model of a biomimetic drag-reducing material integrating the elastic substrate of sharkskin with its surface micro-/nano-structures was proposed. The methods of micro-replication for fabricating the microstructures being the same as the dermal denticles of sharkskin on a polymer surface were studied, and the method and the mechanism of building nanostructure on the micron-patterned surface of a polymer sheet was also explored, thus developing a novel route to constructing the micro-/nano-structures imitating sharkskin surface on a polymer surface. Using ethylene-propylene-rubber/natural rubber (EPDM/NR), chlorinated butyl rubber (CIIR) and polyurethane (PU) as a substrate, respectively, various polymer sheets with uniform properties and gradient polymer sheets, whose mechanical behaviors are similar to that of sharkskin, were designed and prepared according to the basic structural model of a biomimetic drag-reducing material. To solve the problem of the drag reduction-performance tests of polymer sheets in laboratory, a drag reduction tester based on vertical Taylor-Couette flow system was designed and manufactured. The drag reduction performance of different polymer sheets was measured. The impacts of the chemical compositions, surface microstructure and properties of polymer sheets and the substrate structure and the mechanical properties of polymer sheets on the drag reduction performance were further investigated. On this basis, the dual drag-reducing effect of the designed biomimetic drag-reduction polymer sheets was studied by analyzing the contributions of the surface microstructure and the flexible elastic substrate of polymer sheets to the drag reduction, so revealing the structure-property relationship of the surface structure, the substrate structure and mechanical properties of biomimetic polymer sheets and their drag-reducing behaviors. The studies indicate that the flexible elastic substrate and the surface micro-/nano-structures of sharkskin-imitating polymer sheets can exhibit a good synergetic effect in reducing drag, and the proposed basic structural model of biomimetic drag-reduction materials provides an important basis for designing a new-type biomimetic drag-reduction materials.

英文关键词： bionics design; drag reduction; shark skin; biomimetic polymer materials; gradient structure