基因组冲击引起小麦体细胞杂种基因组变异的研究

项目名称： 基因组冲击引起小麦体细胞杂种基因组变异的研究

项目编号： No.31270385

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 王敏琴

作者单位： 山东大学

项目金额： 75万元

中文摘要： 本实验室建立了通过不对称体细胞杂交创制渐渗系的技术体系（国家发明专利：ZL200410075774.7）。实现了不同禾谷类的异(外)源染色质在细胞水平直接渐渗入小麦基因组,为高度分歧的物种间基因交流提供了机会。杂种中双亲基因组共存及染色质渐渗引起的"基因组冲击"将导致小麦基因组发生遗传及表观遗传变异，这些变异是新种质形成的理论基础。本项目拟采用GISH、SSR、AFLP、SSCP、MSAP、IRAP/REMAP/SSAP等技术，确定小麦/中间偃麦草在单个融合细胞水平发生的异源染色质消减和渐渗；遗传及表观遗传变化；利用构建的融合早期杂种基因芯片信息，对杂种发育中基因表达谱和相关基因进行分析。初步了解体细胞杂种渐渗系的形成方式、不同发育时期基因组变异特征和相关基因。研究结果可丰富和完善小麦体细胞杂交创制渐渗系新种质的理论与实践，并为研究远缘杂交基因组冲击诱导的遗传及表观遗传变异提供新实验体系。

中文关键词： 普通小麦；中间偃麦草；杂种异源染色质的消减和渐渗；遗传及表观遗传变异；转录组测序

英文摘要： A new technology system of creating somatic hybrid of wheat introgression line was established in our laboratory. It offers opportunities for making heterogenic chromatin introgression directly into the wheat genome from different cereals and new species and can emerge sympatrically with its parental ones. Recent studies have revealed that there exists a different type of genetic and epigenetic variations, termed "genome shock", in both parental genomes coexistence of somatic hybrids. Breeding experience has consistently indicated that these variations may contribute to the genesis and variation of important agronomic traits. The techniques of GISH, SSR, AFLP, SSCP, MSAP, IRAP / REMAP / SSAP will be used to investigate the main period and way of somatic hybridization of wheat and Thinopyrum intermedium (Elytrigia intermedium) chromatin elimination and introgression in the single fusant, genetic and epigenetic variations and expression profiles and related functional analysis of responsive genes will also be studied. The results may enrich and promote the theory and practice of wheat asymmetric somatic hybridization to create new germplasm introgression lines, and provides a new research system for the study of genetic and epigenetic variation induced by "genome shock" of distant hybridization.

英文关键词： common wheat；Thinopyrum intermedium；alien chromatin elimination and introgression of；genetic and epigenetic variation；RNA-sequencing