贵州喀斯特地区洞穴鱼类物种多样性及其在极端环境下的适应演化

项目名称： 贵州喀斯特地区洞穴鱼类物种多样性及其在极端环境下的适应演化

项目编号： No.31471961

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 赵亚辉

作者单位： 中国科学院动物研究所

项目金额： 86万元

中文摘要： 中国洞穴鱼类全部为中国特有，且数量在世界上遥遥领先，受人类活动的影响，多数洞穴鱼类目前都处于濒危状态。而我们对中国洞穴鱼类多样性尚缺乏全面、准确的认识，贵州则是其中研究基础最为薄弱的地区。研究选择贵州喀斯特地区分布的洞穴鱼类，从分类、多样性、分布、适应演化、动物地理、多样性保护等方面全面整理和总结。发现并描述一批未知物种；对已知物种进行分类厘订。采用分子系统学的研究手段，分析特定类群的系统发育关系，进一步探讨洞穴鱼类的演化、适应辐射以及相关动物地理学问题。分析致危因素，提出相应保护对策。为推动中国洞穴鱼类研究走向纵深，围绕洞穴鱼类对极端黑暗环境的形态适应，尝试显微CT、三维重建等技术手段，探讨洞穴鱼类重要特化器官如嗅囊、头角等的演化趋向，了解形态-功能-环境之间的相互关系。申请者有充分的前期工作基础，研究条件也完全满足项目开展需要，本项研究将会补全中国洞穴鱼类多样性拼图。

中文关键词： 洞穴鱼类；物种多样性；分类学；系统演化；适应

英文摘要： All cavefish of China is endemic, with the highest species diversity in the world. Due to the disturbance by human activities, most of cavefish is being endangered. The knowledge on the biodiversity of Chinese cavefish is far behind the protection needs. And Guizhou Province remains the weakest piece in the big picture of species diversity of Chinese cavefish. Therefore, aiming at cavefish distributed in the karst region of Guizhou, China, this study will be carried on from different aspects including taxonomy, fauna, distribution, adaptation, evolution, zoogeography and conservation in next four years. Based on the field survey, we are planning to find and describe some unknown cavefish. Meantime, the taxonomic problems and errors problems will be reviewed and revised. Methods of molecular phylogeny will be applied for some bizarre species groups to construct the evolutionary tree. Combined with our previous work, we are going to discuss the evolution, adaptive radiation and zoogeography of cavefish in depth. Moreover, the threatening factors will be analyzed so that we can bring up suggestions for the protection. To boost the development of research on Chinese cavefish, this project will also focus on the morphological differentiations among the troglobite (typical) and troglophile (atypical) cavefish due to the adaptation to the dark environment in the cave. Olfactory organ and the horn-like structure on the nape will be observed with the aid of some advanced technical means such as micro-CT and three dimension reconstruction, so that we can well understand the evolutionary direction of these characters and the relationships of morphology, function and environment. The morphological study is a key to link the traditional research and Evo-Devo based on the molecular analysis for the cavefish. The morphological research, especially on those specialized characters for the extreme environment, and some new technologies involved are the distinguishing features of this project. Applicant has solid deep professional knowledge and abundant data collected by the previous work. With excellent research conditions, this project will be accomplished for the completion of jigsaw puzzle made by Chinese cavefish.

英文关键词： Cavefish;Species Diversity;Taxonomy;Systematic Evolution;Adaptation