察尔汗盐湖铷铯元素在钾肥生产过程中的分布规律研究

项目名称： 察尔汗盐湖铷铯元素在钾肥生产过程中的分布规律研究

项目编号： No.21303239

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 郭立江

作者单位： 中国科学院青海盐湖研究所

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 我国青海察尔汗盐湖原卤水中含有丰富的铷铯资源。然而，这些资源却在钾肥生产过程中分散流失。目前，对察尔汗盐湖铷铯元素在钾肥生产过程中的走向、导致其流失的原因尚不清楚。因此，本项目开展察尔汗盐湖铷铯资源利用的前期应用基础研究，目标是：通过对与铷铯相关的一系列盐湖卤水体系298.15 K时相图的实验测定、pitzer模型计算研究，揭示察尔汗盐湖铷铯元素在钾肥生产过程中盐田摊晒（钠盐池、钾石盐池、光卤石池）阶段的分布和析出规律，找出铷铯元素的走向，为开发提取察尔汗盐湖铷铯资源提供科学依据。具体研究内容包括：体系298.15 K时的溶解度的实验测定；体系298.15 K时的热力学组分活度的等压测定；组分活度和溶解度数据的热力学模型关联；能够准确表达和计算体系298.15 K时的热力学性质和相图的Pitzer模型的建立。以热力学模型计算为主，与实验测定相结合的方法研究体系相图是本课题的创新之处。

中文关键词： 察尔汗盐湖；铷铯资源；相图；固溶体；Pitzer模型

英文摘要： There are abundant rubidium and cesium resources in Qinghai Chaerhan salt lake brine in our country. However, these resources were dispersed and wasted in the potash production process. Up to now, we have no idea about where did the rubidium and cesium elements have gone, and what is the reason of the dispersion. Therefore, we carry out this preliminary basic research for the application of Chaerhan salt lake rubidium and cesium resources. The Research objectives are: through the phase diagram studies by experimental determination and Pitzer model calculation, of series salt lake brine systems related to these elements at 298.15 K, the distribution and crystallization of the rubidium and cesium elements of Chaerhan salt lake in the solar pond (halite solar-pond, sylvite solar-pond, carnallite solar-pond) stage of the potash production process can be revealed, the direction where did the rubidium and cesium elements have gone can be found, the scientific basis for the development and extract chaerhan salt lake rubidium and cesium resources can be provided. The specific research contents include: the determination of the systems' solubility data at 298.15 K; the isopiestic determination of the systems' component activity at 298.15 K; the correlation of component activity and solubility data at 298.15 K by the ther

英文关键词： Chaerhan salt lake；Rubidium and cesium resources；phase diagram；solid solution；Pitzer model