氧化石墨烯静电自组装包覆单质炸药及其对热固型PBX增强和降感的研究

项目名称： 氧化石墨烯静电自组装包覆单质炸药及其对热固型PBX增强和降感的研究

项目编号： No.11502248

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 耿呈祯

作者单位： 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 炸药的感度降低和力学增强对低易损性安全弹药的发展具有重要意义。目前包覆降感和键合剂改性分别是混合炸药降感和力学改性最切实可行的手段，但是由于降感材料和键合剂往往不是同一类物质却均需包覆于单质炸药表面，包覆降感和表面键合难以协同共用。本项目拟通过静电自组装的方法，将氧化石墨烯键合包覆到单质炸药表面。利用氧化石墨烯的超高比表面积和多官能团特性，达到良好包覆降感效果的同时，又能参与PBX粘结剂的固化反应起到界面增强的作用，将炸药的包覆降感和表面键合统一起来，较好地解决前述的矛盾。而静电自组装的新方法可以解决一般包覆法中包覆物容易在炸药高剪切混合过程中脱落导致的包覆效果降低的问题。因此，本项目可以建立从炸药表界面微观结构设计到PBX制品性能控制的一整套研究系统，也可以为炸药的力学改性和降感研究提供新的方法和机理，为低易损性安全弹药的发展提供必要的理论基础和技术支撑，具有重要的研究价值和应用前景。

中文关键词： 氧化石墨烯包覆；感度；力学性能；聚合物粘结炸药；静电自组装

英文摘要： It is of great significance to desensitize explosives and improve the mechanical properties of them for developing low vulnerability and insensitive ammunitions.So far, the most feasible desensitizing and strengthening approaches for hybrid explosives are encapsulation with desensitizing materials and with bonding agents, respectively. However, these two approaches could not work together because both of them should occupy the surface of explosive crystals. In this work, graphene oxide (GO), a new two-dimentional nano-material with many attractive properties, will be encapsulated on explosive crystals with chemical bond by an electrostatic self-assembly method. Owing to its high aspect ratio and multi functional groups,GO could not only fully encapsulate the explosive crystals and desensitize them, but also participate in the curing reaction of binders and enhance the interfacial adhesion in polymer-bonded explosives (PBX).In this way, GO could not only play a desensitizing role, but also work as a bonding agent, which could solve the conflict between desensitizing agent and bonding agent on the explosive crystal surface. What's more, the coupling force between graphene oxide and explosive crystals could be much higher by the self-assembly method than by conventional physical encapsulation method, which will better retain the well-coated status to the PBX products after compounding.So this work could not only construct a research system from explosive interfacial structure design to PBX property control, but also develop new mechanisms and new approaches for safety and mechanical-property improvement of explosives, which will provide guidance for further development of low vulnerability and insensitive ammunitions.

英文关键词： graphene oxide encapsulation;sensitivity;mechanical properties;PBX (polymer-bonded explosives);electrostatic self-assembly