异质金属车身接头碰撞失效机理及优化研究

项目名称： 异质金属车身接头碰撞失效机理及优化研究

项目编号： No.51475070

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 杨姝

作者单位： 大连理工大学

项目金额： 82万元

中文摘要： 异质金属材料混合车身已成为实现汽车轻量化的重要途径。与传统全钢车身完全采用焊接不同，异质金属车身大量采用SPR铆接、粘接和SPR铆粘复合等新型连接方式。材料和连接方式的改变直接影响车身动态响应和碰撞失效模式，对车身耐撞性设计提出了新的挑战。由于缺少合理的异质材料接头碰撞等效单元，现有的异质金属车身碰撞仿真有限元模型无法正确预测车身响应，极大地制约了车身的碰撞安全设计。本项目首先基于实验数据，建立SPR铆接、粘接和SPR铆粘连接的异质金属接头碰撞等效单元模型和失效准则；在此基础上，建立包含接头碰撞等效单元的异质金属车身碰撞仿真模型，分析板材厚度、材料强度和接头布置等参数对车身耐撞性的影响。最后，对包含异质金属接头的车身前纵梁和B柱进行基于耐撞性的多目标优化设计。本项目研究可为异质金属车身耐撞性设计提供理论支撑，助力异质金属轻量化车身的开发与产业化应用。

中文关键词： 异质金属；碰撞；接头；失效机理；优化设计

英文摘要： The development of the heterogeneous metal materials mixed body has become an important way for automotive lightweighting. Different from the traditional completely welded all-steel body, the heterogeneous metal material mixed body uses a lot of new connections including riveting, bonding and bond-riveting. The change in the way of material and connection directly influences the body structure dynamic response and failure modes during the crash process, and puts forward new challenges for body crashworthiness design. Due to the lack of reasonable crash equivalent elements for heterogeneous materials joints, the existing finite element models of the heterogeneous metal material body are not able to predict the body response correctly, and this greatly affects body crash safety design. In this project, first of all, the crash equivalent elements under high strain rate and the failure criteria for heterogeneous metal material joints are going to be established based on experimental data. Secondly, the effects of the combinations of heterogeneous metal materials and the connection modes on body crashworthiness will be studied. After decomposing the body crashworthiness target into the design goals of various key components, the collaborative optimization will be carried out for designing the connection layout parameters, material properties and the panel thicknesses, by using the crash equivalent elements of the joints including riveting, bonding and bond-riveting. The goal is to improve the crashworthiness of the heterogeneous metallic materials mixed car body.

英文关键词： heterogeneous metal materials;crashworthiness;connector characteristics;failure mechanism;design optimization