大型工程结构沉降位移监测方法及监测预警系统研究

项目名称： 大型工程结构沉降位移监测方法及监测预警系统研究

项目编号： No.11332012

项目类型： 重点项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 于起峰

作者单位： 中国人民解放军国防科技大学

项目金额： 330万元

中文摘要： 结构和材料的变形测量是实验力学的一项基本任务，而对于大型建筑设施（如隧道、路基、大坝、高边坡等大型结构）的变形测量,特别是长期监测，更是工程应用和学科发展中迫切需要解决的问题。现有的测量方法，如水准仪、经纬仪、全站仪等不仅工作量大、效率低，而且难以满足长期监测的需要。GPS也因垂直精度低等因素，其应用还存在一定局限性。.本项目将首次提出“位移传递摄像测量”的概念和方法，旨在建立一种可以更换的高精度结构沉降测量方法和分析计算系统，以满足大型建筑设施沉降位移长期监测的需要。该方法将采用高精度数字图像测量技术，建立多头像机站和共有标志物间的两类约束，运用位移传递测量数学模型，计算各标志物的沉降量和各像机站的倾斜角、旋转角及沉降量；不仅可以长期监测各标志物间的相对沉降，借助不动参考点，还可以直接监测结构的绝对沉降。本方法已申请国际发明专利，其实施将进一步推动摄像测量技术的发展、拓展其工程应用领域

中文关键词： 沉降监测；;摄像测量;大型结构;预警;变形测量

英文摘要： Deformation measurement for structures and materials is one of the basic tasks in experimental mechanics. The subsidence deformation measurement, especially long time surveillance of large structures such as tunnels, roadbeds, dams and high slide slopes, is a problem that needs solved imperiously nowadays in the fields of engineering applications and academic discipline development. Existing subsidence measuring methods such as water level and theodolite, have the disadvantages of long work time, low efficiency, large workloads, furthermore they cannot meet the demand of long time and real-time surveillance. Applications of GPS have certain limitation for the low accuracy in the vertical direction..In this plan, an innovative concept of “displacement-relay videometrics” is proposed to establish a kind of repalcable and high-accuracate measurement method and analysis computing system for structure subsidence in order to meet the demand of long-term surveillance of subsidences of large engineering constructions. With high-accurate digital image measurement techniques, this method invents two constrains between multi-heads cameras and cooperative markers, formulates the displacement-relay measurement model, and finally calculats the subsidence of each marker and the pitch angle, the roll angle and the subsidence of each multi-heads cameras. The method can not only monitor the relative subsidence between each marker, but also monitor the absolute subsidence of the structure by means of unmovable reference points. We have applied to be granted in the international patent of the displacement-relay videometric method, whose implementation will promote the progress of the videometric technique and expand its application fields.

英文关键词： subsidence surveillance;videometrics;large construction;early warning;deformation measurement