槽式光热发电系统中真空集热管失效机理及其寿命预测方法研究

项目名称： 槽式光热发电系统中真空集热管失效机理及其寿命预测方法研究

项目编号： No.51476165

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 能源与动力工程

项目作者： 雷东强

作者单位： 中国科学院电工研究所

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 真空集热管失效一直是槽式光热发电系统中最主要的问题，对其失效机理及寿命预测方法进行深入理论研究是提高其可靠性和寿命的前提基础。本课题拟首先开展真空集热管结构高温失效机理研究，通过真空集热管温度场、流场与应力场的多场耦合三维数值模拟与实验研究，探索金属内管、波纹管及玻璃与金属封接等关键部件的热应力及疲劳失效特性；其次开展真空失效机理研究，建立集热管高温渗氢模型与实验测试，探索其氢气渗透机理；开展集热管在高温加热时残气分析，揭示环形空间气体成分、分压随温度与时间变化规律；通过对环形空间稀薄气体流动与传热数值模拟与实验，得出集热管温度-真空失效特性曲线；最后建立真空集热管结构高温疲劳寿命预测模型和真空寿命预测模型，通过建立相应高温加速寿命测试方法，利用最小二乘法进行加速寿命实验统计与分析，实现集热管的寿命预测与可靠性评价，为有效缓解真空集热管失效问题及提高其在槽式电站运行可靠性提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 真空集热管；热应力；失效机理；真空失效；寿命预测

英文摘要： The failure of solar vacuum receiver is the primary ongoing issue for the parabolic trough solar power systems. It is the precondition of improving the reliability and fatigue lifetime of solar vacuum receiver to deeply theoretical study the failure mechanism and life predication method. In the project, the high temperature failure mechanism of structure of solar vacuum receiver will be firstly studied. Using temperature, flow and thermal stress field coupling method to establish the 3- dimensional numeral simulation of solar vacuum receiver. The theoretical study and experimental verification will be combined to explore the forming regularity of thermal stress and fatigue property of the metal absorber, bellows and glass-to-metal seals. On the other hand, this research focuses on vacuum failure mechanism. The high temperature hydrogen permeation model and experiment will be established to explore the mechanism of hydrogen permeation. The variation of the residual gases with temperature and time in the annular space will be analyzed by the numerical simulation of rare gas flow and heat transfer. The characteristic curve of the temperature with vacuum failure can be concluded. Finally, the structure fatigue life prediction model and vacuum life prediction model will be established. Applying the corresponding high temperature accelerated life testing method and the least square method to analyze and evaluate the lifetime and reliability of the solar vacuum receiver. The research results can present the theoretical foundation of how to effectively relieve the failure problem of solar vacuum receiver and improve its operation reliability in the parabolic trough solar power station.

英文关键词： solar vacuum receiver;thermal stress;failure mechanism;vacuum failure;life prediction