泄水建筑侧墙与底板联合掺气减蚀水力特性研究

项目名称： 泄水建筑侧墙与底板联合掺气减蚀水力特性研究

项目编号： No.51269005

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 水利工程

项目作者： 徐一民

作者单位： 昆明理工大学

项目金额： 50万元

中文摘要： 防止泄水建筑物的空蚀破坏是高坝建设中的关键问题之一。掺气减蚀被大量工程实践证明是有效而经济的防空蚀破坏技术。在特殊的水力及边界条件下，不仅流道的底板而且边墙也会遭空蚀破坏。为避免泄水建筑物全过水断面受到空蚀破坏，必需采用侧墙和底板联合掺气减蚀措施。但是，目前缺乏这方面的系统而有效的研究。本项目拟通过试验、理论分析并结合紊流数值模拟的方法开展侧墙与底板联合掺气减蚀的水力特性研究，揭示侧掺气机理与底掺气的差异，研究侧掺气和底掺气设施联合作用时二者的相互影响及作用的基本规律、研究泄水建筑物侧墙和底部联合掺气的综合水力特性，获得三维或全断面良好的掺气水力特性，提高全断面掺气设施的有效性并探讨联合掺气设施的有效保护范围。研究成果对解决三维掺气减蚀技术难题及更好的应用该技术具有促进意义。研究项目具有较为重要的理论意义及应用价值。已初步具备的研究工作基础及条件可保证该研究项目的顺利实施。

中文关键词： 水力学；联合掺气设施；掺气特性；试验研究；数值模拟

英文摘要： How to protect release works with high-speed flow against cavitation erosion is one of the key problems in the high dam constructions. Cavitation control by aeration is proved by a great of projects to be an important, a useful and an economical technique for preventing cavitation damage. Behavior, mechanism and application of air entrainment for cavitation damage control have been investigated for more than 60 years. However, severe cavitation damage happened due to complex mechanism of air entrainment. Under some special hydraulic and geometry boundary conditions, cavitation erosions may be occurred both on the sidewalls and on the bottom of release works. So the aeration facilities both on the sidewalls and on the bottoms of the discharge works should be explored to protect the concrete surface of the dischanrge works from cavitation damage. But until now, systematic research work on these problems is not reliable. The effects of air entrainment are related to many factors, including geometric parameters, hydraulic parameters and entrained air manners, especially for air entrained from lateral and bottom cavities after the sidewall and the bottom aeration facilities at the same time. The mechanism of how air entrained into the flow water in the lateral cavity is sure difference from that in the bottom cavity

英文关键词： hydraulics；combined aeration facility；aeration characteristics；experimental investigation；numerical simulation