玉米种子低损伤仿生脱粒机理研究

项目名称： 玉米种子低损伤仿生脱粒机理研究

项目编号： No.U1204514

项目类型： 联合基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 机械工程学科

项目作者： 李心平

作者单位： 河南科技大学

项目金额： 30万元

中文摘要： 机械损伤的玉米种子会给储存和生产带来严重的影响，种子的机械损伤是由脱粒机械所引起。 脱粒方法是影响其机械损伤的主要因素。由于玉米穗上籽粒间“循环力圈”的存在，使得传统冲击式玉米脱粒机不能满足玉米种子低破碎率的要求。根据对某些鸟类啄食玉米果穗及人类手工脱粒过程的研究发现:某些鸟类的楔形喙部不仅具有优良的切入籽粒间隙离散大片籽粒的能力，还具有较强的啄取籽粒能力，离散下的籽粒无损伤；仿人手脱粒，能有效破坏籽粒间“循环力圈”，籽粒按顺序差速脱粒，损伤低，脱净率高。本项目从研究玉米籽粒的机械损伤入手，通过鸟类喙部离散玉米、人类手工脱粒玉米的机理分析,以及玉米籽粒间“循环力圈”的生物学、力学特性等系列试验，找出玉米果穗籽粒低损伤仿生脱粒与籽粒间循环力衰败规律之间的关系,建立起鸟类喙部离散籽粒的“楔形离散”理论，以及人手脱粒籽粒的“差速倒排”理论，进而提出低损伤玉米种子脱粒的新方法。

中文关键词： 玉米种子；离散；脱粒；低损伤；仿生

英文摘要： Mechanical damage of corn seeds that threshing machinery gives rise to will bring serious influence for storage and production. It is the main influencing factor for threshing method that gives rise to mechanical damage of corn seeds. Because of existence of circulating dint circle between corn kernels, traditional impacting sheller can not be satisfied with the request of low broken rate of corn seed. According to research of some birds pecking corn ear and mankind threshing process of corn ear by bare hand , the results showed that some birds’ wedge beak not only have good ability of inserting kernel cleft and loosening and separating big scope of kernels, but also have stronger ability of pecking corn kernel, corn kernel have no damage; the bionic threshing process of corn ear by bare hand can effectively break circulating dint circle between corn kernels, corn kernels are threshed with different speeds threshing parts in order, have a low damage rate and high clean-threshing rate. The item will begin with research of mechanical damage of corn seeds, pass analysis of mechanism of some birds pecking corn ear and mankind threshing process of corn ear by bare hand and a series of experiments of biological and mechanical properties of circulating dint circle between corn kernels, and find out the relation betwee

英文关键词： corn seed；discrete；threshing；low damage；bionic