超晶格亚稳态分子间含能材料的构筑及其燃爆特性研究

项目名称： 超晶格亚稳态分子间含能材料的构筑及其燃爆特性研究

项目编号： No.11502242

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 王军

作者单位： 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所

项目金额： 22万元

中文摘要： 高能量作为先进含能材料的一个显著特征，是提升弹药武器威力的重要保障。单质炸药分子主要由CHON元素组成，受原子质量和堆砌方式限制，能量密度提升的空间有限；而复合含能材料虽可引入更多元素提高能量，但受扩散过程的控制，能量释放速率低且燃烧反应性能不稳定。本项目提出一种新的思路构筑高能量密度含能材料，即选择氟聚物或金属氧化物作为氧化组分、高活性金属作为还原组分，在亚纳米尺度构筑高能量密度、高度有序、周期性的超晶格亚稳态分子间含能材料。采用理论模拟与试验结合实现超晶格含能材料的设计与制备；在此基础上对其燃烧-爆炸特性进行理论模拟和试验研究，获得这种新型结构材料的燃烧反应速率与组成、结构等参数之间的关系和规律。本项目的研究将为高能量密度含能材料的结构设计提供一种新的方法和思路，为新型复合结构含能材料制备积累技术基础，对反应规律的认识有利于深入理解复合含能材料反应过程中传质和传热等基本物理问题。

中文关键词： 超晶格；复合含能材料；构筑；反应动力学

英文摘要： As a remarkable character of advanced energetic materials, high energy provides important guarantee for to improve the ammunition power of modern weapon systems. Explosive molecules are mainly composed of C, H, O and N elements; it is limited to improve the energy density of explosive because of small atomic mass and numbered chemical bonds. Although energetic composites can raise more opportunity to increase the energy via introducing more elements, they can only show low release energy velocity and unstable performance resulting from the disordered structure and the long mass transfer distance. In this program, a novel route is proposed to construct superlattice metastable intermolecular energetic material by taking the fluorine polymer or metal oxide as an oxidizer and the highly reactive metal play the roles of a reducing material. Thus the structure with highly ordered and periodic can be constructed for the implementation of high energy density under sub-nanometer dimension. Superlattice energetic materials are designed and constructed by theoretical simulation and experiment. Moreover, combustion-explosion characteristics will be investigated through the combination of theoretical modeling and experimental research, and the relationship and principle between the reaction rate and the key parameters of structure and composition will be obtained. The objective of this research word is to raise a novel approach for designing high energy density energetic material structures, and it can also favor the enrichment of various preparation techniques of more energetic composites. Furthermore, this work can provide valuable references to understand basic physical problems, such as mass transfer and heat transfer of the reaction process of energetic composite materials.

英文关键词： Superlattice;Energetic composite materials;construct;reaction kinetics