多尺度下水文响应滞后效应机理与控制

项目名称： 多尺度下水文响应滞后效应机理与控制

项目编号： No.41202172

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 卢小慧

作者单位： 河海大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 水文模型只有建立在对尺度相关的水文过程深刻理解基础上，对于预测水文响应才是有效的。包气带作为联系地表水和饱和地下水的纽带，其运动规律影响着不同尺度下的水文响应。本项目在点上对包气带岩性、地下水位埋深、土地利用类型和种植结构变化，节水灌溉等因素变化而引起的地下水水文响应的滞后延迟效应进行研究；在面上，结合GIS和RS技术,通过野外监测和室内实验获取数据，建立地表水-地下水耦合的水文模型，并探讨流域尺度上如何选择合适的非饱和流模型来刻画包气带。研究非饱和流概念模型（两层水均衡模型、 Richard方程模型、考虑优先流Richard方程模型、重力流Richard方程模型）在大尺度流域模拟所适用条件。对比多尺度下（点、流域尺度）的水文模型，探明多尺度下包气带岩性、地下水位埋深、节水灌溉等因素造成水文响应滞后延迟效应的机理，揭示多尺度下的水文响应的物理本质，为洪水的准确预报提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 地表水-地下水耦合；水文响应；多尺度；滞后效应；

英文摘要： Based on the knowledge of hydrological processes with scale-dependent，Hydrological model is effective to predict hydrological response. Vadose zone is the link of surface water and groundwater, which movement Law influences hydrological response with different scales. At a point, the factors of lithology of vadose zone, buried depth of groundwater, land use type and Planting structure change, water-efficient irrigation cause the delaying effect of hydrological response of groundwater under rainfall conditions; Combined with the technology of GIS and RS, On the basis of field investigation and laboratory analysis，the surface water and groundwater coupling hydrological model is established, and choosing the reasonable unsaturated model to describe vadose zone is discussed in catchment scale. The Applicable condition of unsaturated conceptual model in catchment simulation has been disscused(TWL,RI,RIBP, RIGR). Based on the model, the mechanism of lithology of vadose zone, buried depth of groundwater, land use type and Planting structure change, water-efficient irrigation cause the delaying effect of hydrological response will be ascertain, and reveal the physical essence with different scales of hydrology response as the accurate theory of flood forecasting.

英文关键词： surfacewater and groundwater；hydrology response；different scales；delay effect；