小尺寸空间碎片的轨道编目方法研究

项目名称： 小尺寸空间碎片的轨道编目方法研究

项目编号： No.11503044

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 程昊文

作者单位： 中国科学院国家天文台

项目金额： 19万元

中文摘要： 目前国际上主要的航天机构都将10厘米以下小碎片的轨道编目作为未来目标，并投入大量精力进行新一代监测设备的研发。但要对数十万个小碎片进行编目，还需要建立一套新的轨道编目方法以解决由编目碎片数量的激增所带来的问题。在本项目研究中我们主要针对空间碎片轨道编目中面临的两个关键问题：新碎片的识别编目和已编目碎片的轨道更新，建立一套小碎片轨道编目的方法。具体而言，针对新碎片的识别编目问题我们将利用特征测量信息对未关联观测数据进行分组处理，以降低数据间的相似度，提高同源数据的识别率；针对已编目碎片的轨道更新问题我们将依据小碎片的分布和轨道误差演化规律建立轨道更新周期的计算模型，并建立利用后续数据甄别错误关联的方法。此外我们还将建立小碎片轨道编目的仿真模型以验证编目方法的可行性，并对观测误差、轨道模型误差等主要误差源的影响进行深入分析。本项目的研究成果将为实现小碎片的轨道编目提供理论基础。

中文关键词： 小尺寸碎片；精密定轨；编目维持；数据关联；新碎片编目

英文摘要： Organizations such as NASA and ESA are dedicated in research on cataloguing space debris with size smaller than 10cm, and are focusing on developing observation facilities of next generation. But it is also necessary to improve the cataloguing method such that the difficulties raised by sharply increasing number of space debris can be resolved. In our proposal, we are intent to find the approach to the problems of new debris recognition and updating orbit of catalogued debris which are the two key issues in cataloguing when space density of debris becomes very high. To be specific, to recognize new space debris, we will divide the uncorrelated observation into groups with feature information contained in observation data, such that the similarity of uncorrelated observations in a single group can be reduced, and the rate of recognizing observations come from same space debris can be improved. To update the orbit of catalogued small debris, we will establish a model to calculate the update period considering the evolution of orbit errors and the distribution of small debris orbits, and an algorithm of discriminating wrong correlation results will also be formed. In order to test our methods, a simulation model will be established in which the influence of errors come from observations and orbit model will be analyzed. The results of our proposal will be the basis of the realization of small debris cataloging.

英文关键词： small debris;precise orbit determination;catalogue maintaining;correlation;new debris cataloguing