伪卫星增强卫星定位及应用中的关键技术研究

项目名称： 伪卫星增强卫星定位及应用中的关键技术研究

项目编号： No.60804056

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 金属学与金属工艺

项目作者： 王玮

作者单位： 北京航空航天大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 卫星定位系统在军事和民用领域中得到越来越广泛的应用，作用日益重要，但易受干扰、定位精度受环境影响。伪卫星具有抗干扰能力强、布置灵活机动、成本低等特点，是增强天基卫星系统、提高其定位精度和抗干扰能力的有效手段，在国内外都已引起广泛关注。本项目以高精度卫星导航定位系统为背景，着重研究了伪卫星增强卫星系统及应用中的一些关键技术：根据伪卫星定位误差的特点建立了WDOP因子，并以其为量度，分析研究了伪卫星增强卫星系统及独立组网系统的星座布局，得出了相应的优化准则；研究了陆上及海上伪卫星空中基站的自身定位问题，提出了基于逆用定位方法和基于光电/惯性组合的伪卫星空中基站的定位方法；探讨了伪卫星/惯性数据融合的一些特殊问题，提出了在组合过程中在线估计伪卫星和惯导系统之间不同步时间的方法，还提出了利用二阶修正项补偿伪卫星量测非线性的算法；分析了机场伪卫星的布局问题，并提出了基于伪卫星/惯性组合的进近着陆算法。研究成果对伪卫星区域定位系统的实施具有重要的理论意义和工程价值，而且对于拓展二代卫星导航系统的应用范围、满足国防和国民经济各个领域对高精度测量的需求具有重要的价值，应用前景广阔。

中文关键词： 伪卫星；卫星定位系统；星座布局；组合导航；进近着陆

英文摘要： Satellite navigation systems have been playing an increasingly important role in military applications as well as civil fields. However, it is easily vulnerable to jamming. Because of advantages of stronger anti-jamming ability, flexibility and low cost, pseudolite becomes the fairly effective measure to augment the orbiting satellite systems, hence is attracted more and more attentions domestically and overseas. In order to provide all sorts of vehicles and weapon platforms a precise navigation measure with strong anti-jamming ability, this project investigated the key techniques in the pseudolite applications in augmentation satellite systems, stand-alone positioning and integrated navigation: Weighted DOP was proposed and as the measure to investigate the constellation configuration of pseudolite-augmented Beidou system and pseudolite-only system, respectively, and the corresponding optimized rules were obtained; The self-fixing problem of ainborne pseudolites over land and sea was studied and the fixing algorithms respectively based on inverted positioning method and INS/opto-electronics integrated system were proposed; Some special problems in the Pseudolite/INS integration were discussed. A novel method was proposed to estimate on-line the asynchronous time between pseudolites and INS during the process of integration, and the method was presented by using second-order items correction to compensate for the nonlinearization of pseudorange measurements; The configuration of airport pseudolites was analysed, and an approach and landing method based on pseudolites/INS integration was proposed. The research results are of significant importance in theorectics and practice for the realization of regional positioning system based on pseudolites. Forthermore, they are of the crucial value in extending the application fields of our own second generation satellite positioning system and meeting the requirement for the high precision measurements in all military or civil fields, thus having a very bright outlook.

英文关键词： pseudolite;satellite positioning system;constellation configuration;integrated navigation;approach and landing