不同地形特征下坡面氮磷迁移的物理过程解析与模拟

项目名称： 不同地形特征下坡面氮磷迁移的物理过程解析与模拟

项目编号： No.51309008

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 水利工程

项目作者： 韩玉国

作者单位： 北京林业大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 水土流失是世界性的环境问题，它不仅使土壤养分大量流失，致使土壤肥力降低，还造成了地表水体的富营养化，引起面源污染。坡面是水土流失的初始单元，地形特征是其最主要影响因素之一，以地形特征为出发点，关注坡面氮磷迁移的物理过程，是寻找解决养分面源污染的最基本工作之一。本项目以坡面氮磷迁移的物理过程为研究对象，以试验研究、理论分析和模型模拟为手段，通过深入系统的研究降雨特征、地形特征等对氮磷流失的影响，揭示坡面氮磷的流失特征及作用机理，并定量分析坡面氮磷在入渗、地表径流及泥沙流失过程中的同步迁移特征，同时根据地表径流、土壤养分与水的相互作用关系，构建养分迁移模块，并借鉴成熟的径流侵蚀模型中水文模块和产沙模块，共同架构描述次降雨条件下坡面氮磷迁移过程的物理模型，为丰富坡面物质迁移理论和预测坡地养分流失提供科学理论与方法。

中文关键词： 坡面；氮磷迁移；地形特征；物理过程；KINEROS2

英文摘要： Water and soil loss is a worldwide environmental problem, which not only causes amount of nutrient loss in soils and thus results in reduction in soil fertility, but also lead to eutrophication on soil surface and results in non-point source pollution. Slope land is the initial unit of water and soil loss, and terrain feature is one of the most important factors influencing water and soil loss. Thus, the concentration on physical process of nitrogen and phosphorus transport on slope land based on terrain feature is one of the fundamental tasks for solving nutrient non-point pollution. In the project, the physical processes of nitrogen and phosphorus transfer over slope land are considered as the main research objects. The approaches of experimental studies, theoretical analysis and model simulations will be adopted to conduct an in-depth and systemic study on the effects of rainfall features and terrain features on nitrogen and phosphorus losses. Features of nitrogen and phosphorus losses on slope land and acting mechanisms will be described, and synchronous transport features of nitrogen and phosphorus on slope land during the processes of infiltration, surface runoff and sediment loss are quantitatively analyzed. Meanwhile, based on the interaction between surface runoff, soil nutrient and water, nutrient tran

英文关键词： Slope；nitrogen and phosphorus transfer；terrain feature；physical process；KINEROS2