壳聚糖类原油深度脱盐破乳剂的结构设计、合成与性能研究

项目名称： 壳聚糖类原油深度脱盐破乳剂的结构设计、合成与性能研究

项目编号： No.51304147

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 矿业工程

项目作者： 吕仁亮

作者单位： 武汉工程大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 随着采油新技术的应用，原油采出率增加，但乳化现象加重，含水含盐量尤其是油溶性盐含量增加，破乳脱盐难度增大。开发新型高效破乳剂及脱盐剂显得尤为必要。壳聚糖来源广泛且环境友好，易于被化学修饰。本项目拟合成一系列聚乙二醇单甲醚接枝的季铵化羧甲基壳聚糖，进行相应的分子表征。引入的羧甲基对金属离子有很强的螯合作用，季铵盐基团可吸附原油中的带负电荷的物质，降低ζ电位，削弱原油液滴相互间的静电排斥作用，从而破坏油水界面膜的稳定性。通过改变各基团的结构、取代位置和取代度，可望得到一系列适合于不同性质原油的高效破乳剂，且能在破乳的同时螯合脱去油溶性盐（深度脱盐）。采用不同性质的原油样品评价其破乳脱盐性能，研究其破乳脱盐的机理，揭示其分子结构如分子量、取代度、疏水链段长度、聚醚侧链长度及聚集态结构等与破乳脱盐性能之间的关系，为新型深度脱盐破乳剂的开发提供理论指导，也为我国石油工业的发展提供技术支持。

中文关键词： 壳聚糖；破乳剂；破乳机理；油包水型乳液；水包油型乳液

英文摘要： With the industrial application of new technology in oil extraction, oil recovery percent increased, but the crude oil emulsification was aggravated and the contents of water and salts, especially the contents of oil soluble salts were elevated, making it increasingly difficult to break the emulsions. Therefore, it seems to be particularly necessary to develop a new type of high-efficiency oil demulsifier. Chitosan is abundant, widely available, environmentally friendly, and can be chemically modified easily. This study is to synthesize a series of methoxy polyethylene glycol(MPEG) grafted quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan, and characterize their molecular structure. The introduced carboxymethyl has strong chelating capbaility of metal ion. Simutaniously, quaternary ammonium salt group can adsorb negatively charged substances in crude oil. Thus, the zeta potential can be reduced and mutual electrostatic repulsion of oil droplets can be weakened, resulting in the dramatical decrease of the stability of interfacial film between oil and water. By changing the structure, position and the degree of substitution, a series of high-efficiency oil demulsifiers with the ability to remove oil soluble salts by chelating（i.e.， deep desalting） while demulsification for different kinds of crude oils can be expected.In this pr

英文关键词： chitosan；demulsifier；demulsification mechanism；water-in-oil emulsion；oil-in-water emulsion