基于散射机理分析的极化SAR建筑物震灾损毁评估研究

项目名称： 基于散射机理分析的极化SAR建筑物震灾损毁评估研究

项目编号： No.41301490

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 陈思伟

作者单位： 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 建筑物目标震灾损毁评估是制定灾后救援和重建计划的关键。合成孔径雷达(SAR)能够全天候全天时工作，被认为是震灾评估最为有效的技术途径。传统基于多时相单极化SAR图像幅度和相关系数信息的建筑物震灾损毁评估技术并不稳健，面临发展瓶颈。 极化SAR通过收发极化状态正交的电磁波获得目标的全极化信息，能够对目标散射特性进行完整刻画。本项目拟通过深入分析建筑物震灾损毁前后极化散射机理的变化，提取更有效和更稳健的特征量进行震灾损毁评估。首先，深化极化SAR图像理解与解译技术研究，建立描述极化散射机理的精细化模型及相应的解译理论，揭示震灾损毁建筑物的极化调制机理。其次，综合利用散射机理解译技术，提取并建立能够刻画和区分建筑物损毁程度的极化特征参数集合。最后，提出并建立基于极化散射机理分析的建筑物震灾损毁评估技术和优化实施方案。研究成果将为极化散射机理解译和建筑物震灾损毁评估提供理论、技术和应用支撑。

中文关键词： 主动微波遥感；雷达极化；合成孔径雷达；散射机理；建筑物损毁评估

英文摘要： Building damage evaluation after an earthquake is a key factor for making rescue and reconstruction plans. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) as a microwave sensor can work day and night and is nearly unaffected by weather and atmospheric conditions, which is viewed as the most effective technology for earthquake damage evaluation. Since the backscattering coefficients and cross-correlation coefficients can be changed by temporal/spatial baseline, local incident angle and et al., the commonly used algorithms based on the amplitude and cross-correlation information of multi-temporal SAR images are not robust and face the bottle-neck for the further development. Polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) can obtain fully polarimetric information by transmitting and receiving microwaves with orthogonal polarization states. PolSAR can characterize the target scattering properties in detail. This project plans to explore this very promising polarimetric technology to extract more effective and robust parameters for earthquake damage evaluation, through thoroughly investigating the polarimetric scattering mechanisms changes of damaged buildings before and after an earthquake. Firstly, the theory and technology for PolSAR image understanding and interpretation will be further studied. Generalized scattering models and the corresponding i

英文关键词： Active microwave remote sensing；radar polarimetry；synthetic aperture radar；scattering mechanism；building damage evaluation