面向特征的协同式需求建模和复用技术研究

项目名称： 面向特征的协同式需求建模和复用技术研究

项目编号： No.61272163

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 自动化技术、计算机技术

项目作者： 赵海燕

作者单位： 北京大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 针对软件需求规模急增、业务需求多变的现实，迫切需要一种快速构建软件系统的技术及其支持，而复用成熟高质量的需求不失为一条捷径。这就使得"如何使需求易于复用"成为一个亟待解决的关键问题。本项目拟围绕这个关键问题对需求的组织和建模方法进行探讨。具体而言，本项目将从以下三方面开展研究：一，面向特征的需求间关联关系的识别和建模技术研究，拟采用基于用况的抽取和基于文本的挖掘两种方式处理来源和格式不同的需求文档，并进行需求一致性的检测和修复；二、面向特征的需求复用技术及其自动化支持研究，拟设计一个基于偏好的领域特定语言来辅助定制的实施，以降低复用的难度；三、协同支持环境的研究，拟采用环境激励机制来提升协同的质量，以更好支持需求建模和复用的实施。预期在理论上探索一套识别、建模和管理需求关系以及复用需求建模结果的机制和方法；在技术上，设计一组支持上述理论的原型工具；在应用上，构建若干典型的应用实例。

中文关键词： 需求建模；需求演化；需求复用；面向特征的需求建模；协同

英文摘要： To rise to the challenge of excessive and rapid changing requirements, it calls for an approach to constructing the software systems speedily. Reusing high quality requirements is a good choice, which desiderates the issue of "how to make the requirements reusable". This proposal attempts to address this issue by investigating both the structures and the modelling techniques of requirements. Concretely speaking, the proposal will progress the research in the following three folds: first the identification and modelling of the relationship between the requirements by adopting both the use case based and text mining based techniques for different requirements documents, including the detection and fixing of the requirements inconsistency ; then the support for the feature-oriented requirements reuse through designing a domain specific language to express the preference of the customization of feature models to alleviate the heavy load of customization, and automate the customization according to the preferences expressed in the language by fixing the conflicts between the preference and the ones between the preference and feature model itself, if necessary; finally the construction of an optimized collaborative supporting environment by adopting the stigmergy mechanism.

英文关键词： Requirements Modeling；Requirements Evolution；Requirements Reuse；Feature-Oriented Requirements Modeling；Collaboration