畜禽粪便中重金属在河西走廊绿洲农业土壤-蔬菜系统传递与积累过程研究

项目名称： 畜禽粪便中重金属在河西走廊绿洲农业土壤-蔬菜系统传递与积累过程研究

项目编号： No.41461075

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 地质学

项目作者： 关天霞

作者单位： 河西学院

项目金额： 51万元

中文摘要： 针对猪粪和鸡粪来源的重金属从河西走廊主要绿洲农业土壤（灌漠土和盐碱潮土）向主要种植的露地蔬菜（萝卜、大白菜、辣椒和黄瓜）传递、分布与积累的科学问题，提出利用四因素随机区组试验设计结合盆栽模拟实验，并以重金属在土壤中的积累、有效性、在蔬菜的分布及蔬菜品质特征为研究对象，可明确畜禽来源的重金属从不同类型土壤向不同类型蔬菜的传递与积累过程。在蔬菜种植前、萝卜肉质根生长期、大白菜莲座期、辣椒开花坐果期、黄瓜保果期和蔬菜成熟期采集样品，测定土壤理化性质指标、微生物学指标、重金属总量及各形态含量，探索重金属在土壤中的生物有效性；检测蔬菜中重金属含量和品质指标，明确重金属从土壤向蔬菜传输的规律。利用多因素方差分析和多元线性回归等手段，阐明重金属生物有效性与土壤理化性质指标的相关关系，及蔬菜对畜禽粪便类型、施入量多少和土壤类型等生态因子的响应机制，对合理施用畜禽粪便和预测区域蔬菜安全提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 畜禽粪便；重金属；迁移转化；蔬菜安全；蔬菜品质

英文摘要： For the transportion, distribution and accumulation of heavy metals derived from pig and chicken manure from the Hexi Corridor oasis main agricultural soils (an Irrigation Desert Soil and a Salined Fluvo-aquic Soil) to the the main cultivated vegetables ( radish, cabbage, peppers and cucumbers ), this proposal presents that using four-factor randomized block design experiment in the field and pot experiments for the accumulation and bioavailabity of heavy metals in soil, the distribution in vegetables and the quality characteristic of vegetables, can clearly determine the process of transportion and accumulation of heavy metals derived from manures from different soils to different vegetables. Samples are colleted before planting vegetables, in fleshy root growing period of radish, the rosette stage of cabbage, the lowering and fruit setting stage of peppers, the fruit retention period of cucumbers and the maturity of all vegetables, the soil physical and chemical properties indicators, microbiological indicators, and the total content of heavy metals and content of various forms are measured to explore the heavy metals bioavailability in soil. The heavy metal concentrations in vegetables and their quality indicators are detected to identify the transmission rule of heavy metals from the soil to vegetables. The correlation between heavy metals bioavailability and soil physical and chemical properties indicators, the response mechanisms of vegetables to ecological factors such as the type and the amount of animal manure and the type of soil, are clarified by multi- factor analysis of variance and multiple linear regression and other means, and then provide a theoretical basis for the rational application of animal manure and the prediction of regional vegetable safety.

英文关键词： Manures;Heavy Metals;Transportion and Transformation;Vegetables Safety;vegetables Quality