畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属在农田土壤中的形态归趋及生物有效性演变机理

项目名称： 畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属在农田土壤中的形态归趋及生物有效性演变机理

项目编号： No.41271488

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 苏德纯

作者单位： 中国农业大学

项目金额： 75万元

中文摘要： 规模化养殖集中产生了大量畜禽粪便，其利用的主要途径是作为有机肥料进入农田土壤。由于矿物质饲料添加剂的普遍使用，集约化养殖场畜禽粪便中含有高量重金属元素，农田土壤特别是蔬菜地上畜禽粪便有机肥的大量施用已经成为土壤重金属污染的重要原因之一，控制和治理农田土壤重金属污染是保障农产品质量安全的首要环节。本研究以畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属在不同农田土壤中的形态归趋过程及生物有效性演变为研究主线，通过在不同土壤、不同农业种植方式下培养试验、土壤重金属形态动态分析、土壤溶液中重金属动态监测、重金属与有机物作用过程、稳定性同位素技术及生物盆栽和田间小区试验，系统研究畜禽粪便带入土壤的重金属在不同土壤中归趋和形态演变过程，重金属进入土壤不同重金属"库"的比例及动态变化规律，探明畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属在不同土壤中生物有效性演变机理，为合理确定农田土壤重金属负荷，科学评价畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属风险提供理论依。

中文关键词： 畜禽粪便；重金属；生物有效性；形态；土壤

英文摘要： Intensive poultry and livestock production produced a large amount of manure. Due to abuse of mineral additives, high residues of Cu, As, Cd and Zn in manure have been reported. Large quantities of animal manures were annually applied to soil especially contributed to vegetable production in China. This has caused the public to worry about food safety and the potential risks of heavy metals. Pot experiments, soil incubation experiments and long term field plot experiments will be conducted with different sources of manures containing heavy metals were applied to different soil at various rates to evaluate the heavy metals bioavailability and their speciation transformation. Dynamics of soil heavy metal forms and heavy metals in the soil solution were determined. Stability isotope technology and sequential extraction technology will be used also. This study may assist in understanding the risk of manure land application, aid in developing strategies to reduce the heavy metals bioavailability in agricultural soils and promote policies to protect soil quality.

英文关键词： manure；heavy metal；bioavailability；forms；soil