tRNA质核转运调控在卤虫休眠形成及对极端环境适应与进化中的分子机制

项目名称： tRNA质核转运调控在卤虫休眠形成及对极端环境适应与进化中的分子机制

项目编号： No.31470437

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 陈佃福

作者单位： 浙江大学

项目金额： 86万元

中文摘要： 在各种极端环境下卤虫经过长期的适应进化形成了可产生新陈代谢完全停止，细胞周期和胚胎发育完全停滞的休眠胚胎，并成为高山盐湖和海洋极端高盐环境特有物种。休眠胚胎在适宜环境条件下将终止休眠并重新启动细胞分裂和胚胎发育过程并发育形成新的个体。阐明这种特殊的生命过程所涉及的分子机制对于研究生物在极端环境下的适应与进化具有重要的理论意义。我们的前期研究表明卤虫休眠胚胎形成过程中tRNA及相关蛋白从细胞质向细胞核中转运并积累，本项目将针对卤虫休眠过程中控制tRNA质核转运的tRNA结合蛋白的基因表达的基本特征，蛋白质水平的变动规律及在细胞核质中的分布特征展开研究。结合生物信息学分析确定与tRNA质核转运调控相关的目标分子和相应的信号通路，阐明蛋白在卤虫休眠胚胎形成过程中参与调控的分子途径和作用机制。此外，结合卤虫休眠胚胎形成的特殊生命过程及分子进化途径，探索卤虫对极端环境适应与进化的分子机制。

中文关键词： 极端环境；适应与进化；卤虫休眠胚胎；tRNA质核转运；分子机制

英文摘要： Artemia, a small crustacean which live in salt lakes on plateaus, has attracted much attention for its special reproduction pattern and surprising stress tolerance. To cope with harsh and complex habitats such as salt lakes, Artemia are able, when the circumstances become adverse, to release their offspring into a dormant, encysted cysts in order to ensure survival. The metabolisms and the cell cycle of the diapause cysts was completed shut down and had the ability to resume development in appropriate conditions. Clearify the molecular mechanism underlying the diapause initiation and termination was important for the understanding of adaptation and evolution of orgnisms in harsh conditions. Our previously studies showed that in the process of the initiation of the diapause cysts, a tRNA binding protein, tRBP, was accumulated and retented the pre-mautre tRNAs in the nclears of Artemia cells. In this study we will first characterize the gene expression, variation and distribution of tRBP. Based on the screening of the substrates of tRBP protein, we will focus the target molecules and signal pathways related in tRBP and tRNA nuclear-cytoplasm trafficking regulation during the initiation and termination of diapause. Clarify of molecular mechanism of diapause formation and principal of Artemia evolution will give us a valuable insight into the special process and form of organism of Artemia diapause embryo during the environmental evolvement of the earth.

英文关键词： Extreme Environment;Adaptation and Evolution;Diapause Embryo of Artemia;tRNA Trafficking;Molecular Mechanism