助剂与工业纳米颗粒对手性农药在土壤中吸附和降解的影响机制

项目名称： 助剂与工业纳米颗粒对手性农药在土壤中吸附和降解的影响机制

项目编号： No.21477091

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 化学工业

项目作者： 张旭

作者单位： 武汉大学

项目金额： 82万元

中文摘要： 本申请拟研究农药助剂和工业纳米颗粒对手性农药在土壤中吸附和降解的影响机制。具体研究农药助剂（环糊精、木质素磺酸钠和胆酸盐聚集体）和手性农药（甲霜灵与喹禾灵的外消旋体及光学纯异构体）的包结方式和包结常数，判断对映体与助剂结合作用的强弱；推导和验证新的吸附模型，用于定量的描述农药助剂和工业纳米颗粒（TiO2，活性炭和铁氧化合物）对手性农药在土壤中吸附的影响，评价助剂和纳米颗粒对农药在土壤中迁移性的影响；探索农药助剂、纳米颗粒对手性农药在土壤中生物降解和化学降解的影响机制。研究有助于揭示由共存物质引起的反应微环境的改变对手性农药在土壤中吸附和降解的影响机制，丰富人们对通过化学过程影响和产生手性农药选择性行为的认识。研究成果将有助于实现对手性农药在土壤中选择性降解的调控，有利于筛选和研发更加环境友好型的农药助剂，为在对映体水平上探讨工业纳米颗粒对土壤中手性污染物环境行为的影响提供了实验依据。

中文关键词： 手性农药；对映体选择性；土壤污染；农药助剂；纳米颗粒

英文摘要： The mechanism for the influence of pesticide adjuvants and engineering nano-particles on the adsorption and degradation of chiral pesticide over soils will be investigated in this work. The bingding ratio and constants between metalaxyl, quizalofop-ethyl and cyclodextrin and its derivatates, sodium ligninsulfonate and sodium cholate aggregates will be firstly studied to determine the binding difference of pesticide enantiomers. New adsorption model will be deduced and proposed to describe the influence of adjuvants and nano-particles (TiO2, active carbon and iron oxides) on the adsorption of chiral pesticide onto soils in order to assess the stability of pesticide in the presence of these co-existed materials. The mechanism for the infulence of adjuvants and nano-particles on the degradation of pesticide over soils will also be proposed and concluded. The work in this project are helpful to reveal the mechanism for enantioselective adsorption and degradation of chiral pesticide over soils, which are resulted from the change of micro-environmental by co-exist materials.The work can also enrich the knowledge of influence and generation of enantioselectivity of chiral pesticide through the chemical process. The results are helpful to regulate the enantioselectivity of chiral pesticide in soils, and are also helpful to design and choose environmental friendly adjuvants. The results could offer experimental basis for exploring engineering nano-particles' influence on the environmental behavior of chiral pollutants.

英文关键词： chiral pesticide;enantioselectivity;soil pollution;pesticide adjuvants;engineering nano-particles