云南早泥盆世肺鱼类的形态学与分支系统学研究

项目名称： 云南早泥盆世肺鱼类的形态学与分支系统学研究

项目编号： No.41202016

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 乔妥

作者单位： 中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 肉鳍鱼类中的肺鱼类是与四足动物关系最密切的现生代表，该类群的研究一直受到学术界的广泛关注。早泥盆世是肺鱼类起源和辐射演化的关键时期，三十年来，我国云南曲靖地区的早泥盆世洛霍考夫期地层中报道了一批珍贵的肺鱼类化石，为研究肺鱼类乃至肉鳍鱼类的起源与早期演化提供了关键资料。近年来，云南昭通地区早泥盆世布拉格期地层中同样发现了重要的早期肺鱼化石新材料，这是我国肺鱼化石在布拉格期的首次出现。本项目拟对该新材料和已报道的发现于云南曲靖洛霍考夫期地层的目前已知最早的肺鱼- - 奇异鱼进行详细的形态学与比较解剖学研究；借助高精度断层扫描技术，通过对其内颅内部构造重建来揭示早期肺鱼类内颅内部特征；以分支系统学理论为基础，就肺鱼类的早期演化和特征演化序列等国际学术界高度关注的研究课题进行深入探讨，为揭示肺鱼类的起源、早期演化以及肺鱼类与其他肉鳍鱼类的系统发育关系提供更有说服力的化石证据或假说。

中文关键词： 肺鱼；云南；早泥盆世；系统发育分析；高精度层析扫描

英文摘要： Lungfishes are a highly derived group of sarcopterygian fishes that form the living sister group of the tetrapods. However, interrelationships among fossil lungfishes are debatable, particularly among the earliest forms. With fossil discoveries made in China since 1980, global studies on key areas of early lungfish evolution have made significant progress. The earliest and most primitive lungfish was discovered from the Lochkovian (Early Devonian) of South China; nevertheless, this assignment has been disputed due to morphological disparity with more recent fossil taxa. A recent discovery from the Early Devonian (Pragian) of Zhaotong, Yunnan Province, represents the first record of lungfishes from the Pragian of China. The new specimen preserves a combination of anatomical features that partially bridges the morphological gap between the primitive and more derived forms, providing a vital data on early lungfishes anatomy, evolution and paleogeography. High-resolution computer tomography will be conducted to the new material along with other primitive lungfishes from Yunnan to reveal details of the neurocranium that should contribute to our understanding of the early sarcopterygian braincase. To provide a convincing hypothesis of their early diversification, a phylogenetic analysis of early lungfishes will be per

英文关键词： lungfishes；Yunnan；Early Devonian；Systematics；high-resolution computed tomography