项目名称: 基于景观格局演变的绿洲水分利用效率多尺度研究
项目编号: No.41271202
项目类型: 面上项目
立项/批准年度: 2013
项目学科: 天文学、地球科学
项目作者: 李小玉
作者单位: 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
项目金额: 75万元
中文摘要: 干旱区绿洲水资源的短缺和不合理利用引发了一系列生态环境问题,提高绿洲水分利用效率,无疑是缓解绿洲水资源供需矛盾、保障绿洲及其外围荒漠区生态安全的重要途径之一。干旱区绿洲的水分利用过程十分复杂,单一尺度上的观测或模拟难以科学合理的估算水分利用效率,只有多尺度观测与模拟,才能客观评价水分利用效率的时空格局。本项目拟以天山北坡玛纳斯河流域绿洲为研究区,通过样点观测、田间试验、模型模拟和遥感反演等手段,分别在样点、田间和景观3个不同尺度上分析绿洲水分利用效率,识别不同尺度的绿洲水分耗散非线性过程;在此基础上,基于等级斑块动态理论构建尺度转化模型,分析绿洲景观格局变化对水分利用效率的影响,揭示绿洲景观格局与水分利用效率的空间耦合机制,提出基于水分利用效率最大化的绿洲景观格局优化配置方案。研究结果对于理解绿洲水文循环过程和稳定机理具有重要的理论意义,同时也可为干旱区有限水资源的优化利用提供科学依据。
中文关键词: 景观格局;干旱区生态水文;景观模型;尺度效应;绿洲景观
英文摘要: The severe ecological degradation in oases of arid zone was caused by the extensive overuse and shortage of water resource, and thus improve the water use efficiency (WUE) is an important way to protect the oases ecological security undoubtedly. The water use processes in arid oases are so complicated that the observation and modeling at single scale was hard to assess the WUE scientifically,and only the observation and modeling at multi-scales could help to assess the spatial and temporal pattern of WUE objectively. This project taking the oases of Manas river watershed as the study area, based on the calculation and assessment of the WUE at site, filed and landscape scales respectively, the scaling model was established to display the water dissipation process at multi-scales, and the effects of landscape pattern changes on WUE was quantified to reveal the coupling mechanism of landscape pattern and WUE. And also the landscape pattern will be optimized to improve the WUE. Coupling the pattern and process spatially and temporally, this project will make great help to understand the process of water cycles and the mechanism of oases stability, and provide scientific basis for the optimized utilization of the limited water resource in arid oases.
英文关键词: Landscape pattern;Arid regions eco-hydrology;landscape model;Scale effects;Oases landscape