油菜进化过程中A9染色体的结构变化

项目名称： 油菜进化过程中A9染色体的结构变化

项目编号： No.31271762

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 刘忠松

作者单位： 湖南农业大学

项目金额： 83万元

中文摘要： 油菜有白菜型、甘蓝型和芥菜型三类，其中甘蓝型和芥菜型油菜分别是白菜型油菜（白菜）与甘蓝、黑芥杂交形成的异源四倍体，它们形成之后由于选择、育种的作用各自又分化成多个亚种。在多倍化时，甘蓝型和芥菜型油菜中来自于白菜型油菜的染色体发生了哪些结构变化，不同基因组组成的芥菜型油菜与甘蓝型油菜这些染色体是否发生了相同的结构变化？在多倍化后，由于驯化选择和育种，又使得染色体在结构上发生了哪些变化？这些变化在何时、什么位置发生？围绕着上述问题，本项目将以A基因组最长的染色体A9为例，通过构建芥菜型油菜A9染色体BAC重叠群和测序、三类油菜A9染色体序列拼装比较和主要农艺性状基因关联分析进行研究。本研究不仅能阐释三类油菜A9染色体在进化不同阶段发生的结构变异，而且能揭示油菜不同类型、品种A9染色体的基因组成及其控制的性状，为育种提供理论依据、基因资源和选择方法。

中文关键词： 芥菜型油菜；染色体；遗传图谱；物理图谱；结构变异

英文摘要： psRapeseed consists of three species Brassica rapa,B. juncea and B. napus, among which B. napus and B. juncea are allotetraploids derived from interspecific hybridization between B. rapa and B. oleracea or B. nigra.After formation of these allotetraploid species,various subspecies are produced through selection during domestication and breeding. What structual variation did chromosomes of B. juncea and B.napus experience on allopolyploidization? Did B. juncea and B. napus undergo the same chromsomal variation in structure although they have different genomic constitutions? What structural variation were brought about by selection during domestication and breeding? When and Which portion of a chromosome did these variations occur? To address these issues, the chromosome A9 is taken as an model for investigation by construcion of contigs and sequencing of B. juncea A9, comaprison of the aligned A9 chromsome nucleotide sequences from B. juncea, B.napus and B.rapa and association analysis of the genes for major agronomic characters.These investigations will not only uncover structural variation of Brassica A9 chromosome through evolution,but also show the genes this chromosome carries in various subspecies or even varietal groups,which will provide a theoretical foundation,gene resource and selection procedure for b

英文关键词： Brassica juncea；chromosome；genetic map；physical map；structural variation