高速列车火灾燃烧特性及烟流运动机理研究

项目名称： 高速列车火灾燃烧特性及烟流运动机理研究

项目编号： No.51506135

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 能源与动力工程

项目作者： 朱杰

作者单位： 四川师范大学

项目金额： 21万元

中文摘要： 火灾已成为高速列车安全运营的最大威胁之一。本课题拟以高速列车为对象，对其燃烧特性及烟流运动机理开展研究。首先全尺寸试验分析列车各可燃物燃烧特性，确定高速列车定常火源功率；其次，运用火灾动力学及流体力学理论，采用三维非定常N-S方程和完全浮力修正k-ε双方程建立车厢火灾湍流模型，研究不同运行状态、不同火源尺寸、不同通风条件、不同燃烧环境等多场耦合作用下，高速列车车厢烟气羽流形成机理、演化过程、行为特征，进而建立羽流卷吸运动预测模型；在此基础上，缩尺试验定量测试不同火灾场景下，列车车厢内温度场、浓度场、速度场分布及变化过程，揭示高速列车车厢烟气运动机理；最终创造性提出高速列车火灾最佳安全行驶速度、最佳通风方式及火灾烟气调控机理。本研究可补充运动受限空间火灾动力学理论，为高速列车火灾危险性分析、人员安全疏散及火灾综合防治提供理论依据，同时可为相关规范制定提供技术参考。

中文关键词： 高速列车；燃烧特性；火源功率；火羽流；烟气运动机理

英文摘要： Fire has become one of the greatest threatens to the safety of the high speed train. In this study, the high-speed trains will be targeted as the main research object, and carry out it’s fire smoke flow characteristics and mechanisms .Firstly, using the full scale test analyze the high-speed train burning characteristics and determine it’s steady fire power；Secondly, using fire dynamics and the hydrodynamics theory, 3D Unsteady N-S equation and completely buoyancy amendment k-ε established carriages fire turbulence model to research high-speed train carriages flue gas feather flow formed mechanism, evolution process and behavior features under the coupled-field different conditions including the run state, fire size, ventilation conditions and burning environment, then established feather flow volume sucking movement forecast model; On this basis, test the train compartments distribution and variation mechanism of velocity field and temperature field and concentration field under different fire scenarios by reduced scale test , reveal the high speed train’s smoke movement; Eventually, creatively propose the best safety driving speed, the best way to ventilation and the best smoke control technology during a fire for the high-speed train. This research will improve fire dynamics theory in movement confined space, supply fire risk analysis, evacuation, fire prevention and treatment for high-speed trains, at the same time ,provide technical reference for the related specification.

英文关键词： High-speed train;combustibility;Fire power;Fire plumes;Smoke motion mechanism