利用稀土多素示踪方法解析农业面源磷的来源

项目名称： 利用稀土多素示踪方法解析农业面源磷的来源

项目编号： No.40871225

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 金属学与金属工艺

项目作者： 梁涛

作者单位： 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所

项目金额： 48万元

中文摘要： 对于不同来源的面源污染物"载体"，其磷素流失风险差异很大。虽然过去从不同尺度针对农业面源磷素流失的形态、路径、速率和通量开展了大量研究，但有关农田土壤中磷素从源到汇的迁移过程中的一些关键问题尚未取得共识。示踪法通常被认为是物源解析的最有效手段之一，而环境友好的多来源磷素示踪方法未见报道。本研究基于系列室内模拟实验和野外人工降雨实验，借助ICP-MS分析技术，探讨了添加外源稀土化合物的畜禽肥料被施入土壤后，不同形态磷及稀土元素随地表径流（水相和沉积物相）的迁移特征，分析了各相中磷迁移量与稀土迁移量之间的相关关系，识别了主导磷和稀土迁移的控制因素，研究结果表明：稀土多素和磷一样很难向下迁移，随地表径流的迁移总量存在明显的相关性，野外模拟实验的结果表明稀土多素可以示踪识别农业面源磷的来源。研究成果不但丰富了稀土元素地球化学示踪的内容，而且为面源污染的来源识别提供了新思路，也可为面源污染的源头阻控提供依据。

中文关键词： 面源污染；来源解析；稀土元素；多素示踪

英文摘要： Loss risks of phosphorous are quite different among various nonpoint pollutants carriers. Lots of studies have been carried out on phophorous loss from land appled manures in various scales before, such as species, pathway, rate and flux. However, some of the key issues on the phosphorous transportation from source to sink have not been reached a consensus. Tracer method is generally considered to be the most effective means on source analysis, but environmentally friendly method of tracing the source of phosphorus has not been reported. In this project, series indoor and fields artificial rainfall simulation experiments were carried out. ICP-MS was used to study the transportation features of phosphorous and rare earth elements in runoff and runoff sediments, when livestock and poultry manure containing extroneous rare earth compounds were putting into the soil. Relationship of loss amount between various species of rare earth elements and phosphorous were discussed. Controlling factors on transportation of rare earth elements and phosphorous were identified. The results show that both phosphorous and rare earths are difficult to leach downward, and the loss amounts of phosphorous and rare earth from runoff and runoff sediment are significantly related. It is feasible to use rare earth elements to identify the sources of agricultral nonpoint sources phosphorous. These results are not only a good supplement to theory of REEs geochemical tracing, but also an new idea on sources appointment of agricultral nonpoint sources phosphorous. On the other side, results are useful to prevent nonpoint pollution from the sources.

英文关键词： nonpoint sources pollution; source appointment; rare earth elements; multi-elements tracer