基于胶体晶体模板的新型纳米结构的溶液相合成

项目名称： 基于胶体晶体模板的新型纳米结构的溶液相合成

项目编号： No.20873002

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 齐利民

作者单位： 北京大学

项目金额： 35万元

中文摘要： 利用胶体晶体模板法来构建具有特定形态、结构与功能的新型纳米结构是当前纳米材料科学的一个前沿领域。本项目将胶体晶体模板法与低温溶液方法进行有机结合，在图案化二维纳米结构及阵列的可控制备以及特殊结构胶体颗粒的制备与组装等方面开展了系统的研究工作。主要取得了以下研究进展：(1)建立了一种基于气液界面单层胶体晶体模板的制备高质量二维有序纳米结构薄膜的通用方法- - 气液界面胶体球刻蚀法。利用该方法制备出Ag2S等多种物质的高度有序自支撑纳米网薄膜、具有纳米碗阵列结构和生物检测功能的二维有序大孔金属Ag薄膜以及新颖的蜂窝状碳酸钙薄膜。(2)以单层胶体晶体为模板，利用简便的溶液化学方法制备了生长于锌基底上的图案化ZnO纳米柱阵列，并实现了对ZnO纳米柱直径、形貌及间距的有效调节。(3)利用蒸发诱导的方法实现了六角星形PbS纳米晶的有序组装，借助于单层胶体晶体模板的辅助诱导作用实现了对于六角星形纳米基元的排列取向与图案的有效调控。(4)利用胶体化学方法实现了多种特殊结构胶体颗粒的可控制备，如PbS纳米星-Au纳米颗粒二元杂化纳米结构、多种特殊形貌的Au纳米结构以及TiO2纳米孔介晶和纳米长方体颗粒等。

中文关键词： 胶体晶体；溶液相合成；纳米结构；模板合成；自组装

英文摘要： The colloidal crystal-based fabrication of novel nanostructures with controlled morphology, architecture, and function has turned out to be a key challenge in colloidal chemistry as well as an important research direction in modern materials science. In this project, colloidal crystal templates have been employed in combination with low-temperature solution-phase methods for the controlled fabrication of a variety of two-dimensionally (2D) patterned nanostructures and nanoarrays, and the colloidal synthesis and assembly of a variety of inorganic particles with novel structures and morphologies have been explored. Progress has been made mainly in the following aspects: 1) A general approach based on nanosphere lithography at the gas/liquid interface has been developed for the facile fabrication of large-area free-standing 2D ordered nanoporous thin films by using the floating monolayer colloidal crystals (MCCs) at a solution surface as the mask for the interfacial material deposition. High-quality, free-standing Ag2S nanonets with interesting photonic properties, 2D ordered macroporous Ag thin films with a nanobowl array-like structure and biosensor function, and novel honeycomb-patterned CaCO3 thin films were fabricated by this approach. 2) Hexagonally patterned arrays of well-aligned, regular ZnO nanopillars with controlled size, shape, and orientation have been fabricated directly on zinc foils via a facile wet chemical approach with the assistance of MCCs. 3) Controllable self-assembly of uniform six-armed PbS nanostars into highly ordered structures including close-packed arrays and patterned arrays has been realized by evaporation induced assembly. In particular, a variety of nonclose-packed PbS nanostar arrays with controllable patterns and crystal orientations were fabricated through MCC-assisted vertical deposition. 4) A variety of colloidal particles with novel structures and morphologies, such as PbS-Au nanostar-nanoparticle heterodimers, Au nanostructures with tailored morphologies including nanodendrites and porous nanobelts, novel nanoporous mesocrystals and nanocuboids of anatase TiO2, have been successfully fabricated by facile colloidal approaches.

英文关键词： Colloidal crystals; Solution-phase synthesis; Nanostructures; Template synthesis; Self-assembly