新型酸碱双功能吸附材料的设计、制备及其对废水无机污染离子的吸附研究

项目名称： 新型酸碱双功能吸附材料的设计、制备及其对废水无机污染离子的吸附研究

项目编号： No.51472050

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 无机非金属材料学科

项目作者： 于岩

作者单位： 福州大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 在我国各种环境污染中，水体污染面最广、最严重且最难治理。探索高效水净化材料和技术依然是当今环境科学面临的重大任务。本项目针对现有技术对可溶性无机污染物难于处理问题，并基于正、负离子污染物在水中共存的通性，提出设计制备表面具有分立酸性和碱性中心的双功效分子筛基废水净化吸附材料的新思路和新方法。研究酸性和碱性基团同时引入的方法和途径；测定酸、碱基团在分子筛载体上的分布；评价材料对阴离子、阳离子和混合体系的吸附性能；表征材料表面酸、碱中心与废水中阴、阳离子在吸附过程中的物理化学作用；考察材料在吸附前后的表面结构和性质变化。通过研究，解决两个关键科学问题：一是同一基体材料表面酸、碱活性位点的构筑原理、相互作用和分布规律；二是材料表面双功能活性位点同时吸附脱除废水阴阳离子的协同效应、作用机理。该研究对于完善和发展吸附理论并扩展吸附新技术，推动废水净化吸附材料的应用开发和研究具有重要理论和实际价值。

中文关键词： 环境材料；功能材料；重金属离子

英文摘要： Among a variety of environmental pollution, water pollution is the most extensive, the most serious and the most difficult one to control. Explore an efficient water purification material and technology is still a vital task facing today's environmental science. The existing technology is difficult to deal with the soluble inorganic contaminants which the positive and negative ions coexist continuity in waste water. This project aims to the solve the problem. A new idea and method were put forward to design a bifunctional zeolite-based adsorbent material which has a surface with separate dual acidic and alkaline center. The technical ways and means of acidic and basic groups simultaneously introduced were studied; The distribution of acid and base groups on the adsorbent carrier were determined; The adsorptive performance for anionic, cationic and mixed systems were evaluated; The physical and chemical effects between acidic, alkaline center and anions, cations in waste water during absorption process were characterized; The structure and properties changes of adsorbents before and after adsorption were examined. Through systematic research, 2 key scientific problems will be addressed. The first one is the building principle, the interaction and distribution law of acid and base active sites in the same substrate surface; The second is the synergistic effects and interactive mechanism between the bifunctional surface active sites when they simultaneously adsorb positive and negative ions from wastewater. This research has important theoretical and practical value which can improve adsorption theory and develop new technologies, thus can promote the research and application of waste water purification adsorbent material.

英文关键词： Ecosystem materials;functional materials;heavy metal ions