基于光子自旋霍尔效应的弱测量探测透明介质中的光子动量

项目名称： 基于光子自旋霍尔效应的弱测量探测透明介质中的光子动量

项目编号： No.11474089

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 罗海陆

作者单位： 湖南大学

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 透明介质中的光子动量判定是理论物理学中的著名争论之一，其中存在两种观点：一种是1908年 Minkowski提出，光子的动量为nE/c；另一种是1909年Abraham提出，光子的动量为 E/(nc)。研究工作者们一直试图从实验中验证其中一种动量的正确性，但不同的实验支持不同的观点。其关键科学问题在于以往的实验不能有效地避免物质动量的影响，从而给测量带来了不确定因素。基于弱测量技术中的弱相互作用能够尽可能地减少测量对物理系统的影响，从而有效地减小测量所带来的物质动量影响。此外，光子自旋霍尔效应中的自旋分裂对光子动量具有高度的敏感特性且弱测量中的前选择和后选择技术能够显著地提高测量精度。基于这些优越性，我们提出基于光子自旋霍尔效应的弱测量来探测透明介质中的光子动量。研究结果不仅为澄清透明介质中光子动量之争的物理学百年难题提供理论和实验证据，而且可能发展基于光子动量的新型光子学器件。

中文关键词： 光子自旋霍尔效应；光子动量；自旋角动量

英文摘要： The determination of the photon momentum in a transparent dielectric is the famous controversy in theoretical physics. There are two types of photon momentum. The one was proposed by Minkowski in 1908. Here, the photon momentum in transparent is nE/c. The other one suggested that the photon momentum is E/(nc) which was proposed by Abraham in 1909. Many researchers want to clarify these two momenta, but the results are not clear. The key reason is that the normal experiment can not avoid the impact of material momentum, which brings many uncertainties. The weak measurements can decrease the impacts of instrument on system, which may decrease the impact of material momentum. Additionally, the spin splitting in photonic spin Hall effect are sensitive to the photon momentum and the preselection and postselection in weak measurements can significantly increase the measurement accuracy. Based on the advantages of weak measurements, we proposed using the photonic spin Hall effect based on weak measurements to detect the photon momentum in transparent. These findings may clarify the Abraham-Minkowski dilemma of photon momentum in transparent media, but also open the possibility for developing new photon momentum based photonic devices.

英文关键词： photonic spin Hall effect;photon momentum;spin angular momentum