蜜环菌的区域分化与分子生物地理学研究

项目名称： 蜜环菌的区域分化与分子生物地理学研究

项目编号： No.30800006

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 王汉臣

作者单位： 重庆师范大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 选取各个蜜环菌生物种菌株进行ITS、nLSU-rDNA、βubulin基因和EF-1α22522;因的测序；结合GenBank中的相应序列，利用单种序列和多序列联合，对全球的蜜环菌进行系统发育和生物地理学分析，然后结合交配实验结果、形态解剖学特点，地质历史事件等解决蜜环菌属的生物地理起源和随后的多样化问题。结果得到以下主要结论：蜜环菌是一个很古老的物种，其的祖先是A.ectypa，于三叠纪起源于盘古大陆目前的非洲部分,并在盘古大陆开始分裂（距今约225 百万年）以前扩散到现在的欧洲，南美和大洋洲部分，盘古大陆分裂后分别进化。非洲、大洋洲和南美洲的A.ectypa逐渐多样化形成南半球的目前的蜜环菌种类。欧洲的A.ectypa先演化成A. tabescens和A.mellea, 在欧亚大陆迅速扩散，并于白垩纪晚期（65百万年）由欧洲传到北美东部，于上新世晚期（2.6 百万年）由亚洲经白令桥传到北美西部。北半球蜜环菌的高度分化开始于更新世早期(2.6百万年) 。对同宗配合蜜环菌交配实验进行了创新性的改进，使结果的判定更容易准确。交配实验的结果证明，中国和日本同宗配合的蜜环菌可以分为8个生物种。

中文关键词： 蜜环菌；生物种；生物地理学；系统学；交配试验

英文摘要： The genus Armillaria is a research hotspot in basidiomycete due to its economic and scientific importance. In this project, isolates of all Armillaria biological species were selected for amplification and sequencing of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA, Large subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nLSU-rDNA), beta-tubulin gene code for microtubule-associated proteins, protein synthesis elongation factor-1αEF-1α. All sequences of above four DNA region of all Armillaria biological species were download from GenBank, and some were selected for analysis. Phylogenetic analysis and bio-geographic analyses were conducted on the individual sequences as well as with combined sequences. Combined results of mating tests, morphological and anatomical characters, geological events, account for biogeographic origin and subsequent evolution of the genus Armillaria. Our analyses suggest an ancient origin of Armillaria. A. ectypa was the ancestor of Armillaria and it may have originated at least in the Triassic in current African part of Pangaea, and diffuse to Europe, North America and Oceania before the break-up of Pangaea (225 mya). The diversification of A.ectypa in Africa, Oceania and North America result in extant descendants of Southern hemisphere. A. ectypa in Europe evolve into A. tabescens and A. mellea firstly and spread in Eurasia. In late Cretaceous (65 mya), A. tabescens and A. mellea spread from Europe to eastern North America and in late Pliocene (2.6 mya) spread from Asia to western North America through Bering land bridge. Armillaria in Northern hemisphere with relatively recent species diversification in early Pleistocene (2.6 mya). Mating test methods for identify nonheterothallic Armillaria were improved. The nonheterothallic Armillaria from China and Japan were divided into 8 intersterile groups.

英文关键词： Armillaria; biological species; biogeography; phylogeny; mating tests