大气气溶胶携带的微生物在输送过程中的变性研究

项目名称： 大气气溶胶携带的微生物在输送过程中的变性研究

项目编号： No.41475136

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 陈彬

作者单位： 中国科学院大气物理研究所

项目金额： 110万元

中文摘要： 在大尺度天气系统沙尘发生的背景条件及重污染雾霾条件下，分别在沙尘源地、内陆及沿海地区进行同步的、包括地面及系留气球搭载仪器的大气混合层不同高度的气溶胶采样，对气溶胶样品的化合物和微生物成分做包括环境微生物学、蛋白质组学和基因组学等实验室分析，以定性和量化影响人体健康及局地生态系统的微生物和化合物。使用表型方法确定生物样品及基因组DNA 特别是细菌和真菌的源地。另外，利用模态生物的应激反应来区分气溶胶粒子中的矿物及化合物表面的各种生物反应，以分别评估mRNA 表达水平和蛋白质组的重要变化。通过以上实验与分析，研讨大尺度系统导致的气溶胶水平输送以及局地污染带来的垂直混合对气溶胶携带微生物成分的变性所产生的作用，并探讨相应的变化对气溶胶光学、辐射特性带来的可能影响。

中文关键词： 大气气溶胶；微生物；输送；变性

英文摘要： Under different weather conditions of large-scale system, i.e.dust weather and haze condition, separately make aerosol samplings at the ground and at diffenent height in the mixing layers by using tethered balloon system equipped with atmospheric instruments simoultaneously in dust source area, the inland and coastal areas, then make laborotory analysis on the compounds and microbial composition of aerosol samples, including environmental microbiology, proteomics and genomics laboratory analysis, to get the qualitative and quantitative impact of microorganisms and compounds on human health and local ecosystems. Determine the source of Genomic DNA in a biological sample, especially bacteria and fungi by using phenotypic methods. In addition, use the modal biological stress response to distinguish between the various biological reactions on the surfaces of the mineral and the compound of the particles, and evaluate the significant changes in levels of mRNA expression and protein groups separately. Further, study the effects of the roles of horizontal trsportation of aerosols by large scale dust weather system and vertical mixing of aerosols separately on the characteristic change of the microbial components carried by the atmospheric aerosols, and compare the corresponding changes in the aerosol optical radiation characteristics.

英文关键词： atmospheric aerosols;microorganism;transport;characteristic changes