基于航空激光雷达数据的城市建筑容积率计算方法研究

项目名称： 基于航空激光雷达数据的城市建筑容积率计算方法研究

项目编号： No.40801185

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 金属学与金属工艺

项目作者： 汪承义

作者单位： 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所

项目金额： 19万元

中文摘要： 城市建筑容积率在城市规划和环境保护中有着非常重要的作用，它是实现和谐城市建设与实现可持续发展的衡量指标之一。因此，找到一种快捷可行的方法调查建筑容积率是必要的。实地调查方法虽然直接可靠，但是效率低，时效性差。采用遥感手段测定建筑容积率可以大大减少测量时间，节省人力、物力。目前主要采用的方法是基于航片与高分辨率卫星影像的计算方法。如直接法、投影法、阴影法和高差法。但是这些方法存在很多固有缺陷，如阴影法在建筑物很高时，阴影相互重叠，容积率估算时误差很大，同时也需人工干预。而基于航空激光雷达数据的方法可以很好获取建筑物的信息，准确测定建筑容积率。本项目将重点研究基于航空激光雷达数据的城市容积率的计算方法，主要内容包括不同地形条件下从DSM中提取DEM算法研究，建筑物信息提取算法研究与基于建筑物知识库的容积率计算方法研究三部分。最后选择多个不同地形条件的城市区域进行方法验证。 通过三年的研究，本项目发表EI文章5篇，核心刊物1篇，获得软件著作权1项（2010SR004178）；辅助培养博士研究生3人，硕士研究生1名。形成了一套通过激光雷达数据计算建筑容积率的解决方案。

中文关键词： 激光雷达；容积率；数字表面模型；纹理分析；知识库

英文摘要： Floor Area Ratio (FAR) plays an very important and active role in urban planning and environmental protection, and it is an essential index for reconstruction of harmonious city and realization of sustainable development. Thus, it is necessary to find a quick and feasible way to obtain urban FAR. Although the on-the-spot investigation Method is direct and reliable, it has obvious disadvantages, such as low efficiency and bad effectiveness . Time and manpower can be greatly saved by using remote sensing means. The frequently used approaches at present are based on Aerial photo and high resolution satellite images. for example, The direct Method, The displacement Method, The Shadow Mothod and the Parallax Method. But these methods have their shortcomings, for instance, if buildings are high, the shadows of buildings nearby may overlap, the error to calculate the FAR will be big with The Shadow Method, and manual intervention is also needed. The method based on airborne LIDAR data can acquire building information very well and calculate FAR accurately. This study will focus upon the method to calculte urban FAR based on airborne LIDAR data, there are three main contents in this study: method research about extracting DSM from DEM under different terrain; method research about building information acquisition; method research about FAR calculation based on building knowledge base. Finally, several urban region under different terrain circumstance are selected to verify the method. Through three years of research, this project has produced 5 papers accepted or published by academic EI-indexed academic journals, 1 CSSCI paper and 1 software package(2010SR004178), graduation of four graduates including three doctors and one master. A solution to calculate FAR based on LiDAR is formed.

英文关键词： Light Detection and Ranging; Floor Area Ratio; Digital Surface Model; Texture Analysis; Knowledge Base