中国花椒属(芸香科)分类学修订

项目名称： 中国花椒属(芸香科)分类学修订

项目编号： No.30860023

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 轻工业、手工业

项目作者： 曹明

作者单位： 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 花椒属是芸香科中种类最多、分布最广的一个属。但是，长期以来花椒属的界定存在争议，加之缺乏深入的分类整理，叶结构、孢粉学研究资料缺乏，花椒属的种间分类界线不明确，存在分类紊乱的现象。本项目对花椒属的一些分类学问题进行了研究。分析了花椒属32种4变种的叶结构特征，依据叶结构特征并结合外部形态学特征，建立了中国花椒属分亚属检索表。利用光镜和电子显微镜对花椒属32种植物的花粉形态进行了分析，孢粉学结果支持广义花椒属的分类处理。利用光学显微镜和电子显微镜对花椒属36种植物的种子微形态进行了观察，发现种子的表皮纹饰有网纹、细条纹2种类型，网眼形状、大小及网脊粗细、凸凹在不同类群间不完全相同，属内变异稳定，表明种子微形态特征具有重要的系统分类学意义。综合花椒属叶结构、花粉形态、种子微形态特征，并结合外部形态特征，对花椒属植物进行了分类修订，确定中国花椒属植物有38种、13个变种。此外，还对该属个别种类进行了民族植物学探索。项目已正式发表研究论文2篇，尚有3篇论文正在整理中。项目实现了预期研究目标。

中文关键词： 芸香科；花椒属；分类学修订；中国

英文摘要： Zanthoxylum is the largest and most widely distriduted genus in Rutaceae. However, Zanthoxylum is a taxonomically problematic genus. The relationships between of Subgen. Zanthoxylum and Subgen. Fagara has long been disputed because of the lacking of deep sorting, information of leaf architecture and palynological data, the species boundaries are not clear in Zanthoxylum, which causes a taxonomical disorder of the genus. In current project, the taxonomical revision of Zanthoxylum were studied.The leaf architecture features of 32 species and 4 varieties in Zanthoxylum were analyzed. Based on the characters of leaf architecture and morphology, the key is given for sub-genus Zanthoxylum from China. Using light microscopy and electronic microscopy, the pollen morphology of 32 species of Zanthoxylum were studied, and the data supported the classification of s.l.Zanthoxylum. The microstructure feature of the seeds of 36 species were also investigated, and found there are 2 types of ornament seed surface : reticulate and finely striate. The shape of lumen, size of lumen, the ridge thickness and bump of lumen are distinguish in different taxon, but stable in genus, which means microstructure feature of seed has impotant systematic significance. Combined characters of leaf architecture, pollen morphology, seed microstructure feature, and macromorphology, the taxonomical revision of Zanthoxylum were given, and recognised that there are 38 species and 13 varieties in the genus. Furthur more, Ethnobotanic studies of some species in Zanthoxylum were also carried out. Two papers were published about this project, and 3 more papers are in preparation. The targets of current project have achieved as them designed at the beginning.

英文关键词： Rutaceae;Zanthoxylum;Taxonomical revision; China