Consider a situation with two treatments, the first of which is randomized but the second is not, and the multifactor version of this. Interest is in treatment effects, defined using standard factorial notation. We define estimators for the treatment effects and explore their properties when there is information about the nonrandomized treatment assignment and when there is no information on the assignment of the nonrandomized treatment. We show when and how hidden treatments can bias estimators and inflate their sampling variances.
翻译:考虑两种治疗的情况,前者是随机的,而后者不是随机的,而后者是多因子的版本。兴趣在于治疗效果,用标准因子符号来定义。当有关于非随机治疗任务的信息时,当没有关于非随机治疗任务的信息时,当没有关于非随机治疗任务的信息时,我们界定治疗效果的估计值并探索其特性。我们展示隐藏治疗何时和如何偏向估计值并放大其抽样差异。