We examine public broadcast, forward conceptual, and backward conceptual, Quantum channels in the context of communication protocols that are independent of secret keys. Given research directions of interest previously identified in arXiv: 1804.01797, besides converse upper bounds on the bit transmission rate obtained by the author in recent work (arXiv: 2507.03035), additional possibilities remain, including: (1) determining whether aspects of QKD dependent protocols can be incorporated into steps of QKD independent protocols; (2) whether there would be any amplification to the Quantum-classical performance gap that Alice and Bob can exploit towards prospective Quantum advantage; (3) formulating the conditions under which secrecy and authentication can be simultaneously achieved. To characterize the conditions for which secrecy can be achieved with high probability, we argue that there not only exists suitable protocols which enable Alice and Bob to map into the authenticated space of bit codewords with high probability, but also that forward conceptual channels, through cascading, can significantly increase Eve's probability of false acceptance. Albeit the fact that secrecy, along with conceputalizations of the public broadcast channel, were initially discussed by Maurer for QKD dependent protocols, determining whether aspects of such protocols can be adapted for unconditional security without the use of a secret key is of great interest to explore. We demonstrate that Eve's error probability, through the cascading procedure, can be analyzed with the Holevo information under an optimal decoder. Furthermore, through post-processing of the outputs of a Completely Positive Trace Preserving (CPTP) map, we also demonstrate how to decrease Holevo sum quantities with data-processing and entropy-continuity bounds.
翻译:我们在不依赖密钥的通信协议背景下,考察公共广播信道、前向概念信道与后向概念量子信道。基于先前在arXiv:1804.01797中提出的研究方向,除了作者近期工作(arXiv:2507.03035)中获得的比特传输率逆向上界外,仍存在其他可能性,包括:(1)确定依赖QKD协议的部分能否融入独立于QKD协议的步骤中;(2)Alice与Bob能否利用量子-经典性能差距的放大效应以获得潜在的量子优势;(3)构建可同时实现保密性与认证性的条件。为刻画能以高概率实现保密性的条件,我们论证不仅存在合适的协议能使Alice与Bob以高概率映射至认证比特码空间,而且通过级联操作,前向概念信道能显著提升窃听者Eve的误接受概率。尽管Maurer最初在依赖QKD协议的框架中讨论了保密性及公共广播信道的概念化问题,但探究此类协议的某些方面能否适配于无需密钥的无条件安全场景仍具重要意义。我们证明通过级联过程,Eve的错误概率可在最优解码器下借助Holevo信息进行分析。此外,通过对完全正定保迹(CPTP)映射输出进行后处理,我们还展示了如何利用数据处理与熵连续性界降低Holevo和信息量。